Three-dimensional vortex structures in a rotating dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate

Abstract

Abstract. We study three-dimensional vortex lattice structures in purely dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). By using the mean-field approximation, we obtain a stability diagram for the vortex states in purely dipolar BECs as a function of harmonic trap aspect ratio (λ) and dipole-dipole interaction strength (D) under rotation. Rotating the condensate within the unstable region leads to collapse while in the stable region furnishes stable vortex lattices of dipolar BECs. We analyse stable vortex lattice structures by solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation in imaginary time. Further, the stability of vortex states is examined by evolution in real-time. We also investigate the distribution of vortices in a fully anisotropic trap by increasing eccentricity of the external trapping potential. We observe the breaking up of the condensate in two parts with an equal number of vortices on each when the trap is sufficiently weak, and the rotation frequency is high.

Miscibility in coupled dipolar and non-dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates

“…In a possible straightforward extension of this work, we could alter the confining conditions of both condensates, with their center being separated by some distance, or by using different aspect ratios. As another perspective for future developments, we can mention studies of systems under rotations, where rich vortex structures will emerge, by following recent interest in the subject that can be traced from [57] and references therein.…”

Vortex lattice formation in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates via rotation of the polarization

“…Examples of the methods that experimentalists have used to create vortices include: direct imprinting of phase defects into the condensate [29], rotation of either a laser * srivatsa.badariprasad@unimelb.edu.au beam stirrer or the external trapping potential of the condensate itself [30,31], dragging a barrier through the condensate [27,28,32], applying a rapidly oscillating perturbation to the trapping potential [25], Bose-condensing a rotating normal Bose gas [33], and utilising the Kibble-Zurek mechanism to trigger the formation of topological defects [34]. While vortices have not yet been experimentally observed in dipolar BECs, there exists an extensive body of theoretical research regarding vortex structure, vortex lattice structure, and vortex-vortex interactions in these systems [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46].…”

Vortex Formation of Rotating Bose–Einstein Condensates in Synthetic Magnetic Field with Optical Lattice

“…This issue has been discussed for three-dimensional (3D) condensates in the rotating frame, and it is indicated that increasing Ω leads to a continuous decrease of the chemical potential [27]. In this study, we also plot the dependence of chemical potential μ on rotational frequency Ω, as shown in Fig.…”