In criminal research, there exists an enduring question: ‘How old should a person be in order to be treated as an adult for purposes of criminal prosecution?’ The recent Amendment XI to the Criminal Law of China has not only lowered the minimum age of criminal responsibility but also established a procedure for the prosecution of young children. This article conducts a detailed examination of China’s minimum age of criminal responsibility and the procedures for the recent approval of prosecuting young children. It contends that China’s Amendment XI is an important measure that should be adopted to ensure the safety and well-being of society.