Three Long-period Transiting Giant Planets from TESS*

Brahm, R.; Ulmer-Moll, S.; Jordán, Andrés; Henning, Thomas; Trifonov, T.; Jones, M. I.; Schlecker, Martin; Espinoza, N.; Rojas, Felipe; Torres, Pascal; Sarkis, P.; Tala, M.; Eberhardt, Jan; Kossakowski, D.; Muñoz, Diego J.; Hartman, J. D.; Boyle, Gavin; Suc, V.; Bouchy, F.; Deline, A.; Chaverot, Guillaume; Grieves, Nolan; Lendl, M.; Suárez, Olga; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Crouzet, Nicolas; Dransfield, Georgina; Guillot, T.; Cloutier, Ryan; Barkaoui, Khalid; Schwarz, R.; Stockdale, Chris; Harris, Mallory; Mireles, Ismael; Evans, P. A.; Mann, Andrew W.; Ziegler, Carl; Dragomir, Diana; Villanueva, Steven; Mordasini, Christoph; Ricker, G.; Vanderspek, R.; Latham, David W.; Seager, Sara; Winn, Joshua N.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Vezie, Michael; Youngblood, Allison; Daylan, Tansu; Collins, Karen; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Ciardi, David R.; Πάλλη, Ε.; Murgas, F.

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/accadd

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 117 publications

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“…Given an informed choice of kernel (covariance function; see Rasmussen & Williams 2006), a GP may target specific behavior or systematics within a given data set-this is particularly useful when attempting to fit correlated noise present in photometric time-series observations. The squaredexponential (radial basis function; Cheney 1966;Davis 1975;Powell 1981) and Matérn (Matèrn 1960) kernel families have become popular for the treatment of systematics in astronomy (Gibson et al 2012;Roberts et al 2012;Aigrain et al 2015Aigrain et al , 2016Barclay et al 2015;Czekala et al 2015;Evans et al 2015;Foreman-Mackey et al 2017;Littlefair et al 2017;Angus et al 2018;Livingston et al 2019;Brahm et al 2023; Aigrain & Foreman-Mackey 2023; etc. ); while both are Our sample population of KOIs (big colored circles with black outlines) and the remaining KOI background population (small black dots), distributed according to planetary radius, R p , orbital period, P (left), and insolation flux, S 0 (right).…”

Section: Noise Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaussian Processes and Nested Sampling Applied to Kepler's Small Long-period Exoplanet Candidates

Matesic,

Rowe,

Livingston

et al. 2024

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There are more than 5000 confirmed and validated planets beyond the solar system to date, more than half of which were discovered by NASA’s Kepler mission. The catalog of Kepler’s exoplanet candidates has only been extensively analyzed under the assumption of white noise (i.i.d. Gaussian), which breaks down on timescales longer than a day due to correlated noise (point-to-point correlation) from stellar variability and instrumental effects. Statistical validation of candidate transit events becomes increasingly difficult when they are contaminated by this form of correlated noise, especially in the low-signal-to-noise (S/N) regimes occupied by Earth–Sun and Venus–Sun analogs. To diagnose small long-period, low-S/N putative transit signatures with few (roughly 3–9) observed transit-like events (e.g., Earth–Sun analogs), we model Kepler's photometric data as noise, treated as a Gaussian process, with and without the inclusion of a transit model. Nested sampling algorithms from the Python UltraNest package recover model evidences and maximum a posteriori parameter sets, allowing us to disposition transit signatures as either planet candidates or false alarms within a Bayesian framework.

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Section: Noise Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaussian Processes and Nested Sampling Applied to Kepler's Small Long-period Exoplanet Candidates

Matesic,

Rowe,

Livingston

et al. 2024

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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A long-period transiting substellar companion in the super-Jupiters to brown dwarfs mass regime and a prototypical warm-Jupiter detected by TESS

Jones,

Reinarz,

Brahm

et al. 2024

A&A

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We report on the confirmation and follow-up characterization of two long-period transiting substellar companions on low-eccentricity orbits around TIC 4672985 and TOI-2529, whose transit events were detected by the TESS space mission. Ground-based photometric and spectroscopic follow-up from different facilities, confirmed the substellar nature of TIC 4672985 b, a massive gas giant in the transition between the super-Jupiters and brown dwarfs mass regime. From the joint analysis we derived the following orbital parameters: P = 69.0480−0.0005+0.0004 d, Mp = 12.74−1.01+1.01 Mj, Rp = 1.026−0.067+0.065 Rj and e = 0.018−0.004+0.004. In addition, the RV time series revealed a significant trend at the ~350 m s−1 yr−1 level, which is indicative of the presence of a massive outer companion in the system. TIC 4672985 b is a unique example of a transiting substellar companion with a mass above the deuterium-burning limit, located beyond 0.1 AU and in a nearly circular orbit. These planetary properties are difficult to reproduce from canonical planet formation and evolution models. For TOI-2529 b, we obtained the following orbital parameters: P = 64.5949−0.0003+0.0003 d, Mp = 2.340−0.195+0.197 Mj, Rp = 1.030−0.050+0.050 Rj and e = 0.021−0.015+0.024, making this object a new example of a growing population of transiting warm giant planets.

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NGTS-30b/TOI-4862b: An ~1 Gyr old 98-day transiting warm Jupiter

Battley,

Collins,

Ulmer-Moll

et al. 2024

A&A

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Long-period transiting exoplanets bridge the gap between the bulk of transit- and Doppler-based exoplanet discoveries, providing key insights into the formation and evolution of planetary systems. The wider separation between these planets and their host stars results in the exoplanets typically experiencing less radiation from their host stars; hence, they should maintain more of their original atmospheres, which can be probed during transit via transmission spectroscopy. Although the known population of long-period transiting exoplanets is relatively sparse, surveys performed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) are now discovering new exoplanets to fill in this crucial region of the exoplanetary parameter space. This study aims to characterise a new long-period transiting exoplanet by following up on a single-transit candidate found in the TESS mission. The TOI-4862 system was monitored using a combination of photometric instruments (TESS, NGTS, and EulerCam) and spectroscopic instruments (CORALIE, FEROS, HARPS, and PFS) in order to determine the period, radius, and mass of the long-period transiting exoplanet NGTS-30\,b/TOI-4862\,b. These observations were then fitted simultaneously to determine precise values for the properties and orbital parameters of the exoplanet, as well as the refined stellar parameters of the host star. We present the discovery of a long-period (P = 98.29838pm 0.00010 day) Jupiter-sized (0.928pm 0.032 R$_ J $; 0.960pm 0.056 M$_ J $) planet transiting a 1.1 Gyr old G-type star, one of the youngest warm Jupiters discovered to date. NGTS-30\,b/TOI-4862\,b has a moderate eccentricity $), meaning that its equilibrium temperature can be expected to vary from 274$^ $ K to 500$^ $ K over the course of its orbit. Through interior modelling, NGTS-30\,b/TOI-4862\,b was found to have a heavy element mass fraction of $ $ and a heavy element enrichment ($ p / Z_ star $) of $20^ $, making it metal-enriched compared to its host star. NGTS-30\,b/TOI-4862\,b is one of the youngest well-characterised long-period exoplanets found to date and will therefore be important in the quest to understanding the formation and evolution of exoplanets across the full range of orbital separations and ages.

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Three Long-period Transiting Giant Planets from TESS*

Cited by 8 publications

References 117 publications

Gaussian Processes and Nested Sampling Applied to Kepler's Small Long-period Exoplanet Candidates

Gaussian Processes and Nested Sampling Applied to Kepler's Small Long-period Exoplanet Candidates

A long-period transiting substellar companion in the super-Jupiters to brown dwarfs mass regime and a prototypical warm-Jupiter detected by TESS

NGTS-30b/TOI-4862b: An ~1 Gyr old 98-day transiting warm Jupiter

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