Three New Non-reducing Polyketide Synthase Genes from the Lichen-Forming Fungus <i>Usnea longissima</i>

Wang, Yi; Wang, Juan; Cheong, Yong Hwa; Hur, Jae‐Seoun

doi:10.5941/myco.2014.42.1.34

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For the prediction of biosynthetic function of PKS genes there are diverse strategies, apart from experimental evidence through gene knockout, heterologous expression, radiolabelling or oxidation experiments [48,49,50,51]. These include phylogenetic approaches to infer the functions through a close phylogenetic relatedness to characterized genes [52,53], transcriptional profiling [43,47], or comparative homology mapping of entire gene clusters [31,36,54]. These approaches are often combined to provide putative assignments [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthetic Gene Content of the ‘Perfume Lichens’ Evernia prunastri and Pseudevernia furfuracea

et al. 2019

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Lichen-forming fungi produce a vast number of unique natural products with a wide variety of biological activities and human uses. Although lichens have remarkable potential in natural product research and industry, the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of lichen metabolites are poorly understood. Here we use genome mining and comparative genomics to assess biosynthetic gene clusters and their putative regulators in the genomes of two lichen-forming fungi, which have substantial commercial value in the perfume industry, Evernia prunastri and Pseudevernia furfuracea. We report a total of 80 biosynthetic gene clusters (polyketide synthases (PKS), non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and terpene synthases) in E. prunastri and 51 in P. furfuracea. We present an in-depth comparison of 11 clusters, which show high homology between the two species. A ketosynthase (KS) phylogeny shows that biosynthetic gene clusters from E. prunastri and P. furfuracea are widespread across the Fungi. The phylogeny includes 15 genomes of lichenized fungi and all fungal PKSs with known functions from the MIBiG database. Phylogenetically closely related KS domains predict not only similar PKS architecture but also similar cluster architecture. Our study highlights the untapped biosynthetic richness of lichen-forming fungi, provides new insights into lichen biosynthetic pathways and facilitates heterologous expression of lichen biosynthetic gene clusters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthetic Gene Content of the ‘Perfume Lichens’ Evernia prunastri and Pseudevernia furfuracea

et al. 2019

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“…pallescens in MY, MYM, or MYR (MY+2% ribitol) media, but usnic acid was not produced in S2% (Sabouraud+2% glucose), MS, or PDB media [ 23 ]. The medium also influences the gene expression of PKS in lichen-forming fungi [ 17 ]. Consequently, we incubated the mycelia of N .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the slow growth of lichens and lichen-forming fungi limits their direct applications in biotechnology. However, since Miao (2001) proposed harvesting lichen products through genetic approaches [ 34 ], several PKS genes have been isolated from lichens and lichen-forming fungi, following the homologous clone method [ 16 , 17 , 35 , 36 ]. It is difficult to obtain many genes as well as find new types of genes at one time using homologous cloning methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a putative polyketide synthase gene involved in usnic acid biosynthesis in the lichen Nephromopsis pallescens

et al. 2018

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Usnic acid is a unique polyketide produced by lichens. To characterize usnic acid biosynthesis, the transcriptome of the usnic-acid-producing lichen-forming fungus Nephromopsis pallescens was sequenced using Illumina NextSeq technology. Seven complete non-reducing polyketide synthase genes and nine highly-reducing polyketide synthase genes were obtained through transcriptome analysis. Gene expression results obtained by qPCR and usnic acid detection with LCMS-IT-TOF showed that Nppks7 is probably involved in usnic acid biosynthesis in N. pallescens. Nppks7 is a non-reducing polyketide synthase with a MeT domain that also possesses beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase, acyl transferase, product template, acyl carrier protein, C-methyltransferase, and Claisen cyclase domains. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Nppks7and other polyketide synthases from lichens form a unique monophyletic clade. Taken together, our data indicate that Nppks7 is a novel PKS in N. pallescens that is likely involved in usnic acid biosynthesis.

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“…nidulans FGSC A4 [ 63 ]. Both the PKSs contain features of a non-reducing fungal type I PKS with a starter unit of ACP transacylase (SAT), β-ketoacyl synthase (KS), acyltransferase (AT), product template (PT), acyl carrier protein (ACP), and thioesterase (TE) [ 64 ]. The PKSs have domain order of KS-AT-ACP-ACP-TE similar to the PKS that is involved in melanin biosynthesis [ 65 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Analyses of Cladophialophora bantiana, a Major Cause of Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis Provides Insight into Its Lifestyle, Virulence and Adaption in Host

et al. 2016

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Cladophialophora bantiana is a dematiaceous fungus with a predilection for causing central nervous system (CNS) infection manifesting as brain abscess in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. In this paper, we report comprehensive genomic analyses of C. bantiana isolated from the brain abscess of an immunocompetent man, the first reported case in Malaysia and Southeast Asia. The identity of the fungus was determined using combined morphological analysis and multilocus phylogeny. The draft genome sequence of a neurotrophic fungus, C. bantiana UM 956 was generated using Illumina sequencing technology to dissect its genetic fundamental and basic biology. The assembled 37.1 Mb genome encodes 12,155 putative coding genes, of which, 1.01% are predicted transposable elements. Its genomic features support its saprophytic lifestyle, renowned for its versatility in decomposing hemicellulose and pectin components. The C. bantiana UM 956 was also found to carry some important putative genes that engaged in pathogenicity, iron uptake and homeostasis as well as adaptation to various stresses to enable the organism to survive in hostile microenvironment. This wealth of resource will further catalyse more downstream functional studies to provide better understanding on how this fungus can be a successful and persistent pathogen in human.

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Three New Non-reducing Polyketide Synthase Genes from the Lichen-Forming Fungus Usnea longissima

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Biosynthetic Gene Content of the ‘Perfume Lichens’ Evernia prunastri and Pseudevernia furfuracea

Biosynthetic Gene Content of the ‘Perfume Lichens’ Evernia prunastri and Pseudevernia furfuracea

Identification of a putative polyketide synthase gene involved in usnic acid biosynthesis in the lichen Nephromopsis pallescens

Genomic Analyses of Cladophialophora bantiana, a Major Cause of Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis Provides Insight into Its Lifestyle, Virulence and Adaption in Host

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