Three new species of Aiphanes (Palmae) with notes on the genus in Ecuador

Borchsenius, Finn; Balslev, Henrik

doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1989.tb01015.x

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the case of different geo‐referencing coordinates between duplicate specimens, a detailed study was undertaken to select the more precise one using QGIS 3.20.3 and OpenStreetMap (https://www.openstreetmap.org/) for localities. Overall, using the publications cited above and palm floras for the region (Bernal & Galeano, 2010; Borchsenius et al, 1998; Henderson et al, 1995), we made sure that all species distributions were coherent with current knowledge.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together, Colombia and Ecuador are one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet (Barthlott et al, 2007). Ecuador has the highest concentration of palms (~135–143 species and 32 genera) in South America relative to its size (Balslev et al, 2015; Borchsenius et al, 1998; Valencia & Montúfar, 2013), while Colombia is the second most diverse country for palms worldwide (~270 species and 45 genera) behind Brazil (Bernal & Galeano, 2010, 2013). In both countries, palms have a wide variety of uses and are economically important, especially for rural populations (Borchsenius & Moraes, 2006; Brokamp et al, 2011; De la Torre et al, 2008, 2013; Gori et al, 2022; Macía et al, 2011; Montúfar et al, 2022; Negrão et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both countries, palms have a wide variety of uses and are economically important, especially for rural populations (Borchsenius & Moraes, 2006; Brokamp et al, 2011; De la Torre et al, 2008, 2013; Gori et al, 2022; Macía et al, 2011; Montúfar et al, 2022; Negrão et al, 2022). Both countries have a long history of studying the taxonomy, ecology, ethnobotany, and conservation status and strategies of palms (Bernal, 1989; Bernal & Galeano, 2010; Borchsenius et al, 1998; Borchsenius & Skov, 1999; Galeano & Bernal, 2005; Valencia et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity and conservation status of palms (Arecaceae) in two hotspots of biodiversity in Colombia and Ecuador

Couvreur,

Jijon,

Montúfar

et al. 2024

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact StatementPalms provide vital plant resources and ecosystem services to people across the tropics. To improve conservation guidance, a “health check” of palms in two highly threatened biodiversity hotspots in Colombia and Ecuador was undertaken. Palms are very diverse in these regions, but over one third are threatened with extinction now, especially among endemic species. Widespread and useful palms are also under intense human pressure and need to be prioritized in terms of sustainable management practices. Given the importance of palms for humans, inclusive conservation actions should be continued in both countries in order to safeguard this resource.Summary Palms provide central plant resources to societies in the tropics, especially in the Global South. The western Pacific and Andean regions of Colombia and Ecuador host two hotspots of biodiversity. To prioritize conservation policies towards palms, we undertook a conservation assessment of species in the region. We compiled a taxonomically verified database of specimens collected in both hotspots. We inferred preliminary conservation assessments using International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Criteria B. In addition, we evaluated the level of exposure of palms to human use and population density using the anthrome concept. We documented 144 native palm species in 33 genera occurring in both hotspots of Colombia and Ecuador. Of these, 55 are endemic to this region. We recorded 133 species for Colombia, 43 endemic, and 71 species for Ecuador, 9 endemic. A third of all palm species in the region are potentially threatened with extinction (50/144) and 12 as preliminary Critically Endangered. Aiphanes and Geonoma have the highest number of threatened species. In total, 60% of palm specimens were collected in the “low human impact” anthrome type. In contrast, 41% of specimens occur in high human density areas. The two hotspots of biodiversity in Colombia and Ecuador are very diverse in palms. However, we show that this diversity is under threat and is predominantly found in areas impacted by human activities. Extinction risk is highest in endemic species in both countries. Widespread and useful palm species also face threats linked to overexploitation or habitat loss. Inclusive conservation measures should be designed to conserve, together with communities, this plant resource.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity and conservation status of palms (Arecaceae) in two hotspots of biodiversity in Colombia and Ecuador

Couvreur,

Jijon,

Montúfar

et al. 2024

Plants People Planet

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“…From this point of view, our finding of well-preserved spiny pinnate palms from the latest Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) to early Danian (earliest Paleocene) sediments (Chron Aiphanes tricuspidata Borchsenius, Bernal, and Ruíz, 1989 Aiphanes horrida (Jacq.) Burret, 1932 Aiphanes verrucosa Borchsenius and Balslev, 1989 Bactris gasipaes Kunth, 1816 Bactris setiflora Burret, 1939 Bactris guineensis (L.) H.E. Moore, 1963 Desmoncus chinantlensis Liebm.…”

Section: Palaeobiogeographic Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

The earliest fossil evidence of spiny feather (pinnate-leaved) palms from the K-Pg of Gondwana

Kumar,

Su,

Spicer

et al. 2024

Palaeontol Electron

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Palms, a plant family that forms a major component of lowland tropical rainforests worldwide, are represented by a large number of fossils from Cenozoic sedimentary successions and K-Pg sediments of India, but no spiny palm has been reported from there to-date. Here, we report fossilized 'feather' (well-separated leaflets that are attached to a single leaf axis, similar to a feather) palm leaf specimens that bear spines from the latest Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous)-earliest Danian (Early Paleocene) sediments of the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Madhya Pradesh, central India. They provide the first evidence that spiny pinnately-leaved palms were present in India during Chron 29R, which spans the K-Pg transition, and when the bulk of the subcontinent was still in the Southern Hemisphere. Other reliable records of pinnate palms are from the Northern Hemisphere (Europe) and are much younger (Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene) than the fossils reported here. Although our data are limited, the new finds suggest that Cenozoic palm dispersal may be consistent with the "Out-of-India" hypothesis seen in several other plant groups. This report also provides new information on the distribution, diversification, and evolution of spiny palms in deep time. The evidence of fossilized spiny palms dating to the latest Cretaceous may link to a defense mechanism evolved as protection against predation from large herbivores, presumably dinosaurs.

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“…Grouping of pollen taxa into altitudinal zones (páramo, subpáramo, UMF, and LMF) described by Jantz and Behling (2012) was used to allow direct comparison of altitudinal zone shifts. The only exception is that Oreopanax was grouped with UMF and not subpáramo (Borchsenius, 1997). Pollen identification was completed via combination of The University of Utah RED laboratory reference collection as well as the PalDat Palynological online database (Pal-Dat Palynological Database, 2016).…”

Section: Pollen Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of the mid-Holocene paleoclimate of the Ecuadorian Andean páramo at Tres Lagunas, Ecuador

et al. 2018

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Previous paleoclimate studies have suggested a warm/dry event during the mid-Holocene in páramo vegetation of the tropical Andes of South America. However, the timing of the mid-Holocene warm/dry event in Tres Lagunas, Ecuador, remains uncertain, since a previously reported bog core record characterized the warm/dry event during a hiatus in sediment deposition. In order to understand the timing of the warm/dry event in Tres Lagunas in relation to regional records, a lake sediment core was collected. Subsamples from the core were analyzed for radiocarbon dates, pollen, magnetic susceptibility, and charcoal to reconstruct the depositional, vegetational, and fire history of the area. A near-constant sedimentation rate in the lake core indicated that the lake did not dry, in contrast to the adjacent previously reported bog core. Increases in lower elevation pollen types suggest a warm period between 2700 and 2200 cal. yr BP, with the peak of warming at 2200 cal. yr BP co-occurring with the end of hiatus in the bog core record. Statistically significant increases in charcoal influx and magnetic susceptibility from 3900 to 800 cal. yr BP also suggest a dry climate during this period. While the lake record corroborates the presence of a warm/dry period in Tres Lagunas during the mid-Holocene, this record suggests a shorter period of warm/dry climate where the intensity was not sufficient to cause the lake to dry. However, anthropogenic alteration of the landscape, either vegetation or burning, must also be considered when interpreting Holocene records from this region.

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Three new species of Aiphanes (Palmae) with notes on the genus in Ecuador

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Diversity and conservation status of palms (Arecaceae) in two hotspots of biodiversity in Colombia and Ecuador

Diversity and conservation status of palms (Arecaceae) in two hotspots of biodiversity in Colombia and Ecuador

The earliest fossil evidence of spiny feather (pinnate-leaved) palms from the K-Pg of Gondwana

Reconstruction of the mid-Holocene paleoclimate of the Ecuadorian Andean páramo at Tres Lagunas, Ecuador

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