Three opportunities for standardization: A literature review of the variation among pharmacists’ patient care services terminology

Gernant, Stephanie A.; Bacci, Jennifer L.; Upton, C; Ferreri, Stefanie P.; McGrath, Stephanie Harriman; Chui, Michelle A.; Rickles, Nathaniel M.; Smith, Marie

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.08.034

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, it is likely that if (or when) any such AI is developed, PPBR academics will continue to face challenges completing systematic reviews and met-analysis of pharmacy practice services because of the misuse, confusion and variable use of pharmacy practice service terminology in the literature. Little standardized MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms exist that readily encompass modern pharmacy practice, especially regarding community-based services, and the profession has adopted no universal definitions for its services [37]. Accordingly, PPBR researchers will likely need to wait until the AI is advanced enough to understand subtitles in human language patterns and analogies for assistance in systematic reviews and meta-analysis [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences Applying Technology to Overcome Common Challenges in Pharmacy Practice-Based Research in the United States

et al. 2020

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Despite the importance of pharmacy practice-based research in generating knowledge that results in better outcomes for patients, health systems and society alike, common challenges to PPBR persist. Herein, we authors describe PPBR challenges our research teams have encountered, and our experiences using technology-driven solutions to overcome such challenges. Notably, limited financial resources reduce the time available for clinicians and researchers to participate in study activities; therefore, resource allocation must be optimized. We authors have also encountered primary data collection challenges due to unique data needs and data access/ownership issues. Moreover, we have experienced a wide geographic dispersion of study practices and collaborating researchers; a lack of trained, on-site research personnel; and the identification and enrollment of participants meeting study eligibility criteria. To address these PPBR challenges, we authors have begun to turn to technology-driven solutions, as described here.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences Applying Technology to Overcome Common Challenges in Pharmacy Practice-Based Research in the United States

et al. 2020

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“…Further, the lack of standardized terminology and a consistent approach to the patient care process delivered by pharmacists creates confusion among practitioners and researchers, and ultimately limits effective implementation and evaluation. 5 Despite the lack of widespread benefit noted in this systematic review and meta-analysis, pockets of evidence do exist across the U.S. Services, such as comprehensive medication management (CMM) delivered across one large integrated health system was found to improve patient outcomes, decrease cost, and contribute to a more positive patient and primary care clinician experience. 6 Pharmacists delivering CMM contribute positively to the interprofessional care team, with impact noticed across all areas of the quadruple aimimproved patient experience, clinician experience, and quality of care as well as lowered costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Establishing a common language for the comprehensive medication management patient care process: Applying implementation science to standardize care delivery

Blanchard

Yannayon

Sorge

et al. 2021

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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Background: Pharmacists' interventions, particularly in the primary care setting, have demonstrated positive outcomes on patient care, but rarely translate into impact and scale when reviewed systematically. Specifically, comprehensive medication management (CMM) is often poorly understood, not well defined, and lacks a measure of fidelity. A consistent approach to delivery of CMM is critical to ensure impact. One way to achieve this is to establish the usability of an intervention, so practitioners have a common language around implementation of CMM to ensure fidelity and facilitate positive outcomes on patient care. Objective(s):The goal of this study was to establish a common language for the CMM patient care process.Methods: This study applies an established implementation science methodology and the Usable Innovation Framework to define and operationalize CMM through a network of 40 diverse primary care practices across the United States. This approach to the development of a CMM patient care process common language document included three phases: (a) Review and synthesis of the literature, (b) Vetting and consensus building, and (c) Usability testing. Results:The end product is the CMM patient care process-a common language document that describes both the five essential functions (ie, core components that must be present to carry out CMM) as well as operational definitions (ie, specific steps, activities, or tasks that must be carried out to achieve each essential function).Conclusions: Establishing a common language for the CMM patient care process ensures consistency in delivery of CMM and establishes a set of expectations across key stakeholder groups including patients, pharmacists, physicians, other health care providers, and payers. This research provides a framework and a common set of essential functions and operational definitions to guide the implementation of CMM delivery in primary care and facilitate replication, scale, and positive impact.

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“…A CMR has had multiple definitions and meanings over time, so it is not surprising that the term is used differently in different settings. 9,14,15 A CMR has also been used interchangeably with a medication therapy review (MTR), which can be comprehensive or targeted. 16 In this case, it is important to remember that CMM is a process of care that occurs longitudinally over time (and includes a comprehensive review of medications as part of the essential function of collecting information), unlike a CMR, which may be a discrete activity.…”

Section: Care Transitions or Transitions Of Care 26mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even with a well-defined term and explicit definitions for operationalizing and applying CMM, confusion often exists among a number of terms used to describe pharmacists' services. 9 These terms are often used interchangeably with CMM or discussed in the context of CMM. As a profession, we often use terms such as CMM, disease state management, medication therapy management (MTM), chronic care management (CMM), care transitions, and the patient care process interchangeably, or we use them without explanation or an explicit understanding of how each intervention is operationalized and applied in practice or how the terms relate to one another.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CMM alphabet soup: Making sense of our ABCs

McClurg

2021

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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Three opportunities for standardization: A literature review of the variation among pharmacists’ patient care services terminology

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Experiences Applying Technology to Overcome Common Challenges in Pharmacy Practice-Based Research in the United States

Experiences Applying Technology to Overcome Common Challenges in Pharmacy Practice-Based Research in the United States

Establishing a common language for the comprehensive medication management patient care process: Applying implementation science to standardize care delivery

CMM alphabet soup: Making sense of our ABCs

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