Three-Pion Hanbury Brown–Twiss Correlations in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions from the STAR Experiment

Adams, J. R.; Adler, C.; Ahammed, Z.; Allgower, C.; Amonett, J.; Anderson, B. D.; Anderson, M.; Arkhipkin, D.; Averichev, G. S.; Balewski, J.; Barannikova, O.; Barnby, L. S.; Baudot, J.; Bekele, S.; Belaga, V. V.; Bellwied, R.; Berger, J.; Bichsel, H.; Billmeier, A.; Bland, L. C.; Blyth, C. O.; Bonner, B. E.; Botje, M.; Boucham, A.; Brandin, A. V.; Bravar, A.; Cadman, R. V.; Cai, X. Z.; Caines, H.; Sánchez, M. Calderón De La Barca; Cardenas, A.; Carroll, J.; Castillo, J.; Castro, M.; Cebra, D.; Chaloupka, P.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, Y.; Chernenko, S.; Cherney, M.; Chikanian, A.; Choi, Bong‐Hyuk; Christie, W.; Coffin, J. P.; Cormier, T. M.; Corral, M. M.; Cramer, J. G.; Crawford, H. J.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Didenko, L.; Dietel, T.; Draper, J. E.; Dunin, V. B.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eckardt, V.; Efimov, L. G.; Емелянов, В.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Erazmus, B.; Fachini, P.; Faine, V.; Faivre, J.; Fatemi, R.; Filimonov, K.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Flierl, D.; Foley, K. J.; Fu, J.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Gagunashvili, N.; Gans, J.; Gaudichet, L.; Germain, M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Grachov, O.; Guedon, M.; Guertin, S. M.; Gushin, E.; Gutierrez, T. D.; Hallman, T. J.; Hardtke, D.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Henry, T. W.; Heppelmann, S.; Herston, T.; Hippolyte, B.; Hirsch, A.; Hjort, E.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Horsley, M.; Huang, H. Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Igo, G.; Ishihara, A.; Jacobs, P.; Jacobs, W. W.; Janik, M. A.; Johnson, I.; Jones, P. G.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kaneta, M.; Kaplan, M.; Keane, D.; Kiryluk, J.; Kisiel, A.; Klay, J. L.; Klein, S. R.; Klyachko, A.; Kollegger, T.; Константинов, А. С.; Kopytine, M.; Kotchenda, L.; Kovalenko, A. D.; Krämer, M.; Кравцов, П.; Krueger, K.; Kuhn, C.; Куликов, А. И.; Kunde, G. J.; Kunz, C. L.; Kutuev, R.Kh.; Кузнецов, А. А.; Lamont, M. A.C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lange, S.; Lansdell, C. P.; Lasiuk, B.; Laue, F.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednický, R.; Leontiev, V. M.; LeVine, M. J.; Li, Q.; Lindenbaum, S. J.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Liu, L.; Liu, Z.; Liu, Q. J.; Ljubičić, T.; Llope, W. J.; Long, H.; Longacre, R. S.; Lopez-Noriega, M.; Love, W. A.; Ludlam, T.; Lynn, D.; Ma, Jin; G., Y.; Magestro, D.; Majka, R.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Martin, L.; Marx, J. N.; Matis, H. S.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; McShane, T. S.; Meißner, F.; Melnick, Yu; Meschanin, A.; Messer, M.; Miller, Michael L.; Milosevich, Z.; Minaev, N. G.; Mitchell, J. T.; Molnár, L.; Moore, C. F.; Morozov, V.; Moura, M. M. de; Munhoz, M. G.; Nelson, J. M.; Nevski, P.; Никитин, В. А.; Nogach, L. V.; Norman, B.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Okorokov, V.; Oldenburg, M.; Olson, D.; Paić, G.; Pandey, S.; Panebratsev, Y.; Panitkin, S.; Pavlinov, A. I.; Pawlak, T.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Peryt, W.; Petrov, V.; Picha, R.; Planinić, M.; Pluta, J.; Porile, N.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Potrebenikova, E.; Prindle, D.; Pruneau, C.; Putschke, J.; Rai, G.; Rakness, G.; Ravel, O.; Ray, R. L.; Razin, S. V.; Reichhold, D.; Reid, J. G.; Renault, G.; Retière, F.; Ridiger, A.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J.; Rogachevski, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Rose, A.; Roy, C.; Rykov, V. L.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Savin, I.; Schambach, J.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schmitz, N.; Schroeder, L. S.; Schweda, K.; Seger, J.; Seyboth, P.; Shahaliev, E.; Shestermanov, K. E.; Shimanskii, S. S.; Simon, F.; Škoro, G.; Smirnov, N.; Snellings, Raimond; Sorensen, P.; Sowiński, J.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stephenson, E. J.; Stock, R.; Stolpovsky, A.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Struck, C.; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo; Sugarbaker, E.; Suire, C.; Šumbera, M.; Surrow, B.; Symons, T. J. M.; Toledo, A. Szanto de; Szarwas, P.; Tai, A.; Takahashi, J.; Tang, A. H.; Thein, D.; Thomas, J. H.; Thompson, M.; Timoshenko, S.; Tokarev, M.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trainor, T. A.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Trofimov, V.; Tsai, O. D.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Buren, G. Van; Molen, A. M. Vander; Vasiliev, A.; Vigdor, S. E.; Voloshin, S. A.; Взнуздаев, М.; Wang, F.; Wang, Y.; Ward, H.; Watson, J. W.; Wells, R.; Westfall, G. D.; Whitten, C.; Wieman, H.; Willson, R.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wood, J.; Xu, N.; Xu, Z.; Yakutin, A. E.; Yamamoto, E.; Yang, Jing; Yepes, P.; Yurevich, V. I.; Zanevski, Y. V.; Zborovský, I.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, W. M.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, J.; Zubarev, A. N.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.262301

Cited by 187 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…While two-particle correlations are known to carry information about the spacetime structure and dynamics of the emitting source [10], in connection with some recent experiments it was pointed out [13,14] that taking into consideration, in addition to the single particle spectra and two-particle correlations based analysis, the amount of data concerning 3-particle correlations provides an important supplementary information on the properties of the emitting region, valuable for confronting theoretical models with concrete experimental data. Likewise, study of 4-and 5-particle correlations is also desirable [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-particle correlations inqp-Bose gas model

Adamska

Gavrilik

2004

J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.

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Abstract. The approach based on multimode system of q-deformed oscillators and the related picture of ideal gas of q-bosons enables to effectively describe the observed non-Bose type behaviour, in experiments on heavy-ion collisions, of the intercept (or the "strength") λ of the two-particle correlation function of identical pions or kaons. In this paper we extend main results of that approach in the two aspects: first, we derive in explicit form the intercepts of n-particle correlation functions in the case of q-Bose gas model and, second, provide their explicit two-parameter (or qp-) generalization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-particle correlations inqp-Bose gas model

Adamska

Gavrilik

2004

J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.

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“…(2) E 4 (3) and e 4 (3). We also extract the pair-exchange magnitudes from fits to C 23 ). The fit is performed according to an Edgeworth parametrization [40] as shown in Eq.…”

Section: Extracting Pair-exchange Magnitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The treatment of multibody FSI (Coulomb and strong) is done according to the generalized Riverside approximation [19,21,23,24,36] where the n-body FSI correlation is treated as the product of each pair FSI correlation,…”

Section: Analysis Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the earliest attempts to measure three-pion Bose-Einstein correlations relied on a different methodology and gave rather ambiguous results [20][21][22][23]. Recently the methodology of isolating three-and four-pion Bose-Einstein correlations has been considerably improved [19]-particularly with regards to the treatment of long-lived pion emitters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multipion Bose-Einstein correlations inpp,p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

et al. 2016

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Three-and four-pion Bose-Einstein correlations are presented in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. We compare our measured four-pion correlations to the expectation derived from two-and three-pion measurements. Such a comparison provides a method to search for coherent pion emission. We also present mixed-charge correlations in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of several analysis procedures such as Coulomb corrections. Same-charge four-pion correlations in pp and p-Pb appear consistent with the expectations from three-pion measurements. However, the presence of non-negligible background correlations in both systems prevent a conclusive statement. In Pb-Pb collisions, we observe a significant suppression of three-and four-pion Bose-Einstein correlations compared to expectations from two-pion measurements. There appears to be no centrality dependence of the suppression within the 0%-50% centrality interval. The origin of the suppression is not clear. However, by postulating either coherent pion emission or large multibody Coulomb effects, the suppression may be explained.

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“…Equally good comparison of the data for two-particle correlations of positive pions [35,36] with the AC-type of q-Bose gas model at the optimal q = 0.63 was achieved [15], and general observation was made that the AC-type q-Bose gas model with real q is well suited for treating π + π + correlations, while the BM version with q = e iθ serves better for π − π − correlations.…”

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Analysis of Two- and Three-Particle Correlations in q,p-Bose Gas Model

Gavrilik¹

2006

SIGMA

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Abstract. q-deformed oscillators and the q-Bose gas model enable effective description of the observed non-Bose type behavior of the intercept ("strength") λ (2) ≡ C (2) (K, K) − 1 of two-particle correlation function C (2) (p 1 , p 2 ) of identical pions produced in heavy-ion collisions. Three-and n-particle correlation functions of pions (or kaons) encode more information on the nature of the emitting sources in such experiments. And so, the q-Bose gas model was further developed: the intercepts of n-th order correlators of q-bosons and the n-particle correlation intercepts within the q,p-Bose gas model have been obtained, the result useful for quantum optics, too. Here we present the combined analysis of two-and three-pion correlation intercepts for the q-Bose gas model and its q,p-extension, and confront with empirical data (from CERN SPS and STAR/RHIC) on pion correlations. Similar to explicit dependence of λ (2) on mean momenta of particles (pions, kaons) found earlier, here we explore the peculiar behavior, versus mean momentum, of the 3-particle correlation intercept λ (3) (K). The whole approach implies complete chaoticity of sources, unlike other joint descriptions of two-and three-pion correlations using two phenomenological parameters (e.g., core-halo fraction plus partial coherence of sources).

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Three-Pion Hanbury Brown–Twiss Correlations in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions from the STAR Experiment

Cited by 187 publications

References 24 publications

Multi-particle correlations inqp-Bose gas model

Multi-particle correlations inqp-Bose gas model

Multipion Bose-Einstein correlations inpp,p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Combined Analysis of Two- and Three-Particle Correlations in q,p-Bose Gas Model

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