Three Preceding Crops Increased the Yield of and Inhibited Clubroot Disease in Continuously Monocropped Chinese Cabbage by Regulating the Soil Properties and Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Abstract

Crop rotation can improve soil properties and is one of the important measures to prevent soil-borne diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different preceding crops on clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage and soil microorganisms, to provide a theoretical basis for the ecological control of clubroot scientifically. In this experiment, soybeans, potato onions, and wheat were used as the preceding crops and compared with the local preceding crop garlic. The growth of the Chinese cabbage, disease occurrence, soil chemical properties and changes in microbial community structure were determined by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), soil microbial high-throughput sequencing and other methods. The results showed that the rotation of potato onion and wheat with Chinese cabbage could reduce the clubroot disease index of Chinese cabbage remarkably. Through Illumina Miseq sequencing, when three previous crops were harvested, the abundance and diversity of the bacteria increased obviously, while the fungi decreased. The relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and Firmicutes was strikingly reduced, while that of Chloroflexi was significantly increased. These results show that three previous crops changed the structure of soil microorganisms, reduced the clubroot disease of Chinese cabbage, promoted growth, and suppressed disease. The ranked effect on promoting growth and inhibiting diseases was potato onion > wheat > soybean.

Distinct prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities and networks in two agricultural fields of central Japan with different histories of maize–cabbage rotation

“…2 ). These fungal and bacterial phyla have been commonly detected in other studies on crop rotations 9 , 12 , 18 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 32 , 33 , 36 , 37 . We found different bacterial phylum compositions between two field soils, where the relative abundance of the Actinomycetota phylum in field_1 soils was clearly higher than that in field_2 soils (Fig.…”

“…Regarding the communities in soils under crop rotation, many studies have indicated distinct β-diversities of soil bacteria and/or fungi between mono- and rotation-cropping 5 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 14 – 18 , 20 – 22 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 33 or among crop rotations with different crops and rotation sequences, places, and/or periods 5 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 18 – 22 , 24 , 25 , 32 , 33 ; however, the details of soil biota that change with plant growth have not been clarified in a crop-rotation cycle. We showed that the taxonomic variations indicated by β-diversities in the four sample groups were clearly distinguished by crops as well as by fields (Fig.…”

“…Crop rotation has been widely used in crop cultivation to suppress plant diseases and replant failure by changing crops in cultivation cycles to avoid continuous cropping 3 . Several studies using DNA metabarcoding have been reported for soil organisms living in agricultural fields under crop rotation with different crops and cropping sequences, cycles, and periods 5 – 33 and with different agricultural management systems, such as tillage and fertility. However, most of these studies were focused on soil bacteria and fungi and details of whole soil organisms, especially nonfungal eukaryotes, are poorly understood in crop-rotation fields.…”

Efficacy of Streptomyces melanosporofaciens strain X216 at controlling clubroot disease on oilseed rape

“…In contrast, the efficacy of 75% chlorothalonil and 50% carbendazim WP at three dilutions in the pot was lower than that in the field. The reasons for the difference in the efficacy of potted greenhouse control and field control could be owing to the presence of large numbers of microorganisms in the field soil ( Zhang Y. et al, 2022 ) and the existence of competitive microbial relationships; differences in soil properties, such as density, moisture, and organic matter; differences in environmental conditions for growth and development, such as weather and light hours, which are often more complex in the field than in the greenhouse.…”

Characteristics of rhizosphere and bulk soil microbial community of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) grown in Karst area

“…For example, the biological control agent Streptomyces alfalfae XY25 T demonstrated promise in reducing clubroot disease, controlling rhizosphere bacterial and fungal populations in the rhizosphere of Chinese cabbage, and enhancing growth in greenhouse conditions (Hu et al, 2021 ); Trichoderma harzianum LTR-2 , which works by modifying the rhizosphere soil microbial population, is discovered to be an efficient biological control agent for cabbage clubroot (Li et al, 2020 ). Additionally, three preceding crops were shown to increase Chinese cabbage yield and suppress clubroot disease by regulating the soil environment and microbial communities in the rhizosphere (Zhang et al, 2022 ). Furthermore, three arsenic-tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from the Chinese cabbage rhizosphere and bulk soils, and these strains were capable of promoting the growth of edible tissues while reducing the uptake of arsenic and cadmium by these tissues (Wang et al, 2017 ).…”