Three-year evaluation of the nosocomial infections in pediatrics: bacterial and fungal profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern

Abstract

Background Nosocomial infections (NIs) could lead to considerably higher mortality rates, length of the hospital stays and costs, and represent a serious public health concern worldwide. Besides, the unreasonable use of antibiotics could lead to get resistant to different antibiotics and create limited therapeutic options, increased risks of treatment failure and poor patient management. The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of NIs in an Iranian referral pediatrics hospital during 3 years. Methods During the 3-year period, all electronic medical records of nosocomial infection episodes in hospitalized patients were retrospectively reviewed. The bacterial and fungal profile and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of isolates recovered from different samples of patients with NIs were determined. Results In this study, a total of 718 patients with NIs was found, among which 61.3% were male (N = 440). The median age of the patients was 2.5 years (IQR: 1 month to 3 years). Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida spp. isolates were the most prevalent microorganisms (N = 125, 17.4%, N = 121, 16.9%, respectively), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (N = 72, 10%) and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (N = 69, 9.6%). Pseudomonas aeroginusa strains showed high sensitivity to the studied antibiotics. Acinetobacter baumannii strains displayed more than 90% resistance to the almost all antibiotics. All of the tested isolates of S. maltophilia were susceptible to Trimethoprim−sulfamethoxazole (100%) and showed high susceptibility rate to ciprofloxacin (96.4%). Vancomycin resistance was not reported in S. aureus isolates, while 64% of Enterococcus spp. was resistant to vancomycin. The rates of methicillin resistance for S. aureus and CoNS isolates were 45.5% and 85.7%, respectively. Conclusions High frequency of antimicrobial resistance to the commonly tested antibiotics is a concerning alarm. Therefore, effective infection control programs and rational antibiotic use policies should be established promptly.

Profiling of nosocomial infection in hepatic patients

“…This study shows, XDR bacterial isolates represented 23.8% of total isolates with 37.5% of Acinetobacter, 34% of Pseudomonas and 33.3% of S. aureus isolates are XDR. Similar results obtained by some authors [30,7,19].…”

“…Nosocomial infections could lead to considerably higher mortality rates, length of the hospital stays and costs, and represent a serious public health concern worldwide. Besides, the unreasonable use of antibiotics could lead to get resistant to different antibiotics and create limited therapeutic options, increased risks of treatment failure and poor patient management [19]. In this study, we aimed to study the magnitude of NCI among critically ill hepatic patients.…”

Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Nosocomial Infection in Hospitalized Children and Adults: A Review

“…Subsequently, the highest sensitivity to ceftazidime was observed in Pseudomonas spp. (79.2%), while A. baumannii strains showed 94.8% resistance to this antibiotic [20] .…”

Bacterial etiology and antimicrobial resistance pattern of pediatric bloodstream infections: a 5-year experience in an Iranian referral hospital

“…Strengthening infection prevention and control measures in healthcare settings, coupled with promoting practices that minimize infection risks, will collectively contribute to reducing the spread of infections. Simultaneously, the implementation and enhancement of antibiotic stewardship programs in healthcare settings are vital to ensure judicious antibiotic use, with healthcare providers prescribing antibiotics only when necessary and based on accurate diagnosis [ 9 ]. The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of blood culture isolates, track antimicrobial resistance rates and guide treatment decisions.…”