Three-Year Incidence of First-Onset Depressive Syndrome in a Population Sample of Older Adults: The Cache County Study

Norton, Maria C.; Skoog, Ingmar; Toone, Leslie; Corcoran, Christopher; Tschanz, JoAnn T.; Lisota, Robert D.; Hart, Andrea D.; Zandi, Peter P.; Breitner, John C.S.; Welsh‐Bohmer, Kathleen A.; Steffens, David C.

doi:10.1097/01.jgp.0000196626.34881.42

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These 25 participants form the basis for this manuscript. The rate of depression in this study is comparable to other large scale studies done in the region [26].…”

Section: Samplesupporting

confidence: 80%

Attitudes toward Seeking Treatment for Depression among Community Dwelling Elders in a Western City in the United States

Msw¹,

Barusch²

2012

J Depress Anxiety

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Background: A fraction of older adults who experience depression seek professional treatment. We know a good deal about the adverse consequences of untreated depression, but considerably less about attitudes toward treatment as they are perceived by the elders themselves.Purpose: This study was conducted to examine attitudes towards professional treatment from the perspectives of older adults living in the community with clinically significant depressive symptoms as measured by the CES-D.Method: Twenty five respondents from a random sample of 91 reported significant levels of depressive symptomatology. Among the 25, only eight indicated that they would seek treatment. The remaining 17 participants were asked to delineate their reasons for not seeking treatment.Results: Their responses suggest that belief in the efficacy of treatment and self-identification of depression are necessary, but not sufficient, to establish willingness to seek treatment. Additionally, results suggest that the foremost barrier to treatment for older adults with depressive symptoms may be their own attitudes; their ideas, values, and feelings.

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“…These 25 participants form the basis for this manuscript. The rate of depression in this study is comparable to other large scale studies done in the region [26].…”

Section: Samplesupporting

confidence: 80%

Attitudes toward Seeking Treatment for Depression among Community Dwelling Elders in a Western City in the United States

Msw¹,

Barusch²

2012

J Depress Anxiety

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“…66 The incidence of depression has been reported to increase 43 or be unaffected by age. 44 The prevalence of anxiety disorders is also reported to decrease with age. 20,28,55,57,58,67 However, the pattern differs among the anxiety disorders.…”

Section: What Is the Relation Between Age And Frequency Of Mental Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Disorders in the Elderly

Skoog

2011

Can J Psychiatry

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112

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Recent research has shown that depression, anxiety disorders, and psychosis are more common than previously supposed in elderly populations without dementia. It is unclear whether the frequency of these disorders increases or decreases with age. Clinical expression of psychiatric disorders in old age may be different from that seen in younger age groups, with less and often milder symptoms. Concurrently, comorbidity between different psychiatric disorders is immense, as well as comorbidity with somatic disorders. Cognitive function is often decreased in people with depression, anxiety disorders, and psychosis, but whether these disorders are risk factors for dementia is unclear. Psychiatric disorders in the elderly are often related to cerebral neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease, although psychosocial risk factors are also important. Psychiatric disorders, common among the elderly, have consequences that include social deprivation, poor quality of life, cognitive decline, disability, increased risk for somatic disorders, suicide, and increased nonsuicidal mortality.Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56 (7):387-397. Key Words: depression, anxiety, psychosis, elderly, epidemiologic methods, prevalence, risk factors, comorbidityM ost research on mental disorders have been concerned with dementia and to some extent with depression. Other mental disorders, such as anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders, have received less attention. This review will discuss the frequency of mental disorders in the elderly, and its relation to age. Aspects of mental disorders in the elderly without dementia, such as clinical expression and comorbidity, cognitive function and dementia, cerebral neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease, and risk factors and consequences, will also be discussed. Frequency of Mental Disorders in the ElderlyThe prevalence of mental disorders is high among the elderly, 1-4 with a prevalence of almost 20% in people without dementia aged 65 years and older.2 While most people in epidemiologic studies are below age 90 years, it was recently reported that almost one-third of people without dementia aged 95 years fulfilled criteria for a psychiatric disorder: 17% had depression, 9% anxiety, and 7% a psychotic disorder. 5Most studies on the epidemiology of mental disorders in the elderly without dementia have been concerned with depression. Cross-sectional studies report prevalence figures of around 5% to 10% for depression, 3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and 1% to 5% for major depression.2,3,13 These figures may be even higher in the developing world.14 This makes depression more common than dementia in people aged 65 years and older. The prevalence of depressive symptoms are even more common than the clinical diagnoses. Such subsyndromal forms of depression are nevertheless associated with adverse outcomes, such as stroke, disability, and mortality. 15-18Anxiety disorders include GAD, agoraphobia, panic anxiety disorder, OCD, social phobia, and specific phobias. Recent research suggests that anxiety disorder...

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“…Given the substantially increased risk for depression among older adults with a prior depression history (Norton, Skoog, Toone, et al, 2006;Murphy et al, 2002), we also sought to determine whether the effects of church attendance would be equivalent for those with and without a prior history of depression. We further hypothesized that the inverse association would be robust even after we statistically controlled for medical and functional status.…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Church Attendance and New Episodes of Major Depression in a Community Study of Older Adults: The Cache County Study

Norton

Singh

Skoog

et al. 2008

The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences an

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We examined the relation between church attendance, membership in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS), and major depressive episode, in a population-based study of aging and dementia in Cache County, Utah. Participants included 2,989 nondemented individuals aged between 65 and 100 years who were interviewed initially in 1995 to 1996 and again in 1998 to 1999. LDS church members reported twice the rate of major depression that non-LDS members did (odds ratio = 2.56, 95% confidence interval = 1.07-6.08). Individuals attending church weekly or more often had a significantly lower risk for major depression. After controlling for demographic and health variables and the strongest predictor of future episodes of depression, a prior depression history, we found that church attendance more often than weekly remained a significant protectant (odds ratio = 0.51, 95% confidence interval = 0.28-0.92). Results suggest that there may be a threshold of church attendance that is necessary for a person to garner long-term protection from depression. We discuss sociological factors relevant to LDS culture.

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Three-Year Incidence of First-Onset Depressive Syndrome in a Population Sample of Older Adults: The Cache County Study

Cited by 47 publications

References 22 publications

Attitudes toward Seeking Treatment for Depression among Community Dwelling Elders in a Western City in the United States

Attitudes toward Seeking Treatment for Depression among Community Dwelling Elders in a Western City in the United States

Psychiatric Disorders in the Elderly

Church Attendance and New Episodes of Major Depression in a Community Study of Older Adults: The Cache County Study

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