Three Years' Exploration in Franz Josef Land

Jackson, Frederick G.; Armitage, Lieut.; Koettlitz, Reginald; Fisher, H.; Bruce, William S.

doi:10.2307/1774430

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Because Cape Mary Harmsworth is located at 80°35'N44°54'E, it is clear that Jackson managed to come relatively close to the position of Petermann's conjectured Giles Land. Jackson himself claimed (Jackson 1898) that he passed within 10 miles of the supposed coast of Giles Land. However, there was no land in sight.…”

Section: The Mystification Of Giles Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giles Land—a mystery for S.A. Andrée and other early Arctic explorers

Lantz

2019

Polar Research

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After the initial discovery of Giles Land (Kvitøya, Svalbard) by Cornelis Giles in 1707, it was most likely never seen by anyone again until 1876. During this lengthy period, Giles Land evolved into an enigma as various explorers and cartographers came to very different conclusions about its probable location, character or even existence. In 1897, when the engineer Salomon August Andrée tried to return over the ice after his failed attempt to reach the North Pole in a balloon, he passed through an area approximately 160 km north of Kvitøya where Giles Land was indicated on his map. Andrée searched for it, but there was no land in sight. The main reason why Giles Land was erroneously positioned too far north was a conjecture by a German cartographer August Petermann in 1872. While there was some distrust of Petermann's conjecture at the time, many also believed it. The erroneous understanding that Giles Land was located far north of Kvitøya was only finally dismissed in the 1930s. This article examines how this misunderstanding regarding the identity and location of Giles Land could arise and become entrenched.

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Section: The Mystification Of Giles Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giles Land—a mystery for S.A. Andrée and other early Arctic explorers

Lantz

2019

Polar Research

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“…He continued to have an interest in Arctic exploration and wrote an article 'The next polar expedition' which he believed should be the one to reach the North Pole, offering alternative approaches including one using the Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa [Franz Josef Land] route proceeding from a base in Spitsbergen, (Schwatka 1889: 158). That, of course, was an interesting precursor to Frederick George Jackson (1860Jackson ( -1938 and the Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, 1894-1897 (Jackson 1898).…”

Section: Schwatka's Search In the Arctic Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Frederick Schwatka and the search for the Franklin expedition records, 1878–1880

Savitt

2008

Polar Record

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Frederick Gustavus Schwatka was one of America's most important Arctic explorers. While honoured in his time, he is only a footnote in the search for Sir John Franklin. He commanded, in 1878–1880, an expedition of the American Geographical Society of New York which had the aim of retrieving records from King William Island. Although none were found, he did discover a number of expedition relics and remains. His extensive sledge journey during this expedition was one of the longest recorded by a European-North American expedition, over 5232 km (3,251 statute miles). Moreover it was conducted under some of the coldest conditions ever endured in polar exploration. Schwatka's party included three Europeans, William H. Gilder, a journalist fromThe New York Herald, Henry Klutschak, a naturalist, and Frank E. Melms, an experienced seaman, and ‘Eskimo Joe’ Ebierbing, an Inuit who had served on previous expeditions in search of Franklin. ‘Schwatka's search’, as it was known, concluded efforts to discover the fate of the Franklin expedition in the nineteenth century. It laid the groundwork for the important expeditions in the twentieth century that revealed new information concerning the fate of Franklin's men. Schwatka's expedition was without death or deprivation. Much of his success was based on a clearly defined plan and on adopting Inuit practices including living off the land, lessons he learned from his experiences with American Indians as part of his military assignments. Born in Illinois, he was educated at West Point, the United States Military Academy, acquitted himself well in the Indian Wars and then went on to qualify for the bar and secured a medical degree during his military service. He died an early and unfortunate death at the age of 43. The research reported in this article provides an understanding of the factors that shaped Schwatka and the skills that he used in this expedition.

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“…'A sailor is not necessarily adapted to land marching' (Jackson 1894: 146). The success of his plan is seen in how he was able to maintain this division in the light of the need for the ship to over winter during the first year because it was trapped in the ice (Jackson 1898). He balanced the needs of the ship and crew in her berth with the goals of the explorers.…”

Section: Jackson's Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legacies of the Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, 1894–1897

Savitt

Lüdecke²

2007

Polar Record

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Frederick George Jackson, the leader of the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition of 1894-1897, accomplished a great deal during his exploration of Franz Josef Land [Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa] although his achievements have never been fully acknowledged. Jackson's expedition itself has often been eclipsed by his famous meeting in 1896 with Fridtjof Nansen, absent for 3 years in the Arctic and it has been unfairly coloured by the view that Jackson was no more than an adventurer and sportsman. The research reported in this article evaluates Jackson's plan and management activities. The study developed a set of factors to evaluate his performance arising from a variety of expeditions contemporary with Jackson's. His strong personality and limited personnel managerial experience limited the full extent of what he might have achieved. Yet, Jackson developed a strong exploration model that was based on comprehensive planning, a significant concern for the health and welfare of his companions, the willingness to innovate in a number of activities including sledging, and a commitment to scientific discovery. Although the expedition did not find a route to the North Pole, Jackson confirmed that Franz Josef Land was an archipelago and he gave credence to the consumption of fresh meat as a means of preventing scurvy. One of Jackson's legacies to subsequent explorers was the use of ponies for haulage. He was unable to appreciate the weaknesses in their use and his influence on subsequent Antarctic expeditions often led to undesirable results. But, overall, Jackson was an innovator in a conservative exploration community.

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Three Years' Exploration in Franz Josef Land

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Giles Land—a mystery for S.A. Andrée and other early Arctic explorers

Giles Land—a mystery for S.A. Andrée and other early Arctic explorers

Frederick Schwatka and the search for the Franklin expedition records, 1878–1880

Legacies of the Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, 1894–1897

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