Three years Retrospective Analysis of Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Isolates from Culture-positive Clinical Specimens at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in northwestern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background The main concerns affecting human health are infectious diseases. Bacterial infections comprise a large portion of infectious disorders. Infections acquired in health institutions are also among their sources of infections. The location of culture-positive specimens and the thorough profiles of antibiotic resistance for common pathogens were the subsequent focal points of the current investigation. Methodology: The bacterial isolates and antibiotic resistance of the bacterial pathogens extracted from the patient's biological samples were evaluated in this retrospective study (2020–2022). Biological specimens utilized for microbiological culture included blood, urine, genital, respiratory, soft tissue and body fluids, stool, urine, and Cerebro-spinal fluid. The diagnosis of microbiology was carried out using traditional culture techniques. In accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method was employed for the antimicrobial susceptibility analysis. The data was extracted from WHONET and analyzed. Result In total, 2489 isolates were isolated from 2073 patient specimens in three consecutive years from different locations. According to this analysis, most of the isolates were from the neonatal intensive care unit 471 (18.9%) and pediatrics ward 397 (16%). Above half of isolates (63.2%) were from blood specimen. The predominant isolates were gram positive aerobic bacteria (1117, 44.9%). Secondly, predominant isolates were aerobic gram negative bacteria (1008, 40.5%). Among the ESKPAE pathogen frequencies, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aurous, Enterococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii (391, 15.7%), (356, 14.3%), (300, 8.5%), (140, 5.6%), and (89, 3.6%) are the predominant ones, respectively. Beside antimicrobial activities about 100 Entrobactercae family member bacteria resisted for carbapenem drug groups and 320 isolates of this family were expected to be extended beta lactamase producer. Farther more about 120 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were also identified. Conclusion Among the isolates ESKAPE pathogens accounts the maximum proportion. The higher isolates were from neonatal intensive care unit. Significant amount of multi drug resistance, extreme drug resistance and pan drug resistance isolates found in the current study. The Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital has to identify the source of infection for their further preventive measures.