Threshold changes in rat brain docosahexaenoic acid incorporation and concentration following graded reductions in dietary alpha-linolenic acid

Taha, Ameer Y.; Chang, Lisa; Chen, Mei

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2015.12.002

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This is in agreement with the reported reduction in rat brain AA loss and prolonged half-life from phospholipids following 15 weeks of n-6 PUFA deprivation [35], and the 1.5–2.7-fold reduction in J in within brain phospholipids (Table 3). A similar increase in rat brain phospholipid k * for DHA was reported when circulating DHA and incorporation rate ( J in ) were reduced by chronic n-3 PUFA deprivation [58, 59]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Dietary Linoleic Acid Lowering Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Increase in Brain Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

et al. 2016

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Linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) is a precursor to arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), which can be converted by brain lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes into various lipid mediators involved in the regulation of brain immunity. Brain AA metabolism is activated in rodents by the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This study tested the hypothesis that dietary LA lowering, which limits plasma supply of AA to the brain, reduces LPS-induced upregulation in brain AA metabolism. Male Fischer CDF344 rats fed an adequate LA (5.2 % energy (en)) or low LA (0.4 % en) diet for 15 weeks were infused with LPS (250 ng/h) or vehicle into the fourth ventricle for 2 days using a mini-osmotic pump. The incorporation rate of intravenously infused unesterified 14C-AA into brain lipids, eicosanoids, and activities of phospholipase A2 and COX-1 and 2 enzymes were measured. Dietary LA lowering reduced the LPS-induced increase in prostaglandin E2 concentration and COX-2 activity (P < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA) without altering phospholipase activity. The 14C-AA incorporation rate into brain lipids was decreased by dietary LA lowering (P < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA). The present findings suggest that dietary LA lowering reduced LPS-induced increase in brain markers of AA metabolism. The clinical utility of LA lowering in brain disorders should be explored in future studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Dietary Linoleic Acid Lowering Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Increase in Brain Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

et al. 2016

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“…We suggest the hypothesis that when FA(18:2) is (too) abundant in bees, it replaces FA(18:3), having deleterious effects. This is similar to the hypothesis suggested for mammals, that FA(18:2) replaces FA(22:6) and other PUFAs in phospholipids when intake of FA(18:2) dominates over the PUFAs (Lassek & Gaulin, 2014 ; Taha et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Sterolssupporting

confidence: 88%

Sterol and lipid metabolism in bees

Furse,

Koch,

Wright

et al. 2023

Metabolomics

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Background Bees provide essential pollination services for many food crops and are critical in supporting wild plant diversity. However, the dietary landscape of pollen food sources for social and solitary bees has changed because of agricultural intensification and habitat loss. For this reason, understanding the basic nutrient metabolism and meeting the nutritional needs of bees is becoming an urgent requirement for agriculture and conservation. We know that pollen is the principal source of dietary fat and sterols for pollinators, but a precise understanding of what the essential nutrients are and how much is needed is not yet clear. Sterols are key for producing the hormones that control development and may be present in cell membranes, where fatty-acid-containing species are important structural and signalling molecules (phospholipids) or to supply, store and distribute energy (glycerides). Aim of the review In this critical review, we examine the current general understanding of sterol and lipid metabolism of social and solitary bees from a variety of literature sources and discuss implications for bee health. Key scientific concepts of review We found that while eusocial bees are resilient to some dietary variation in sterol supply the scope for this is limited. The evidence of both de novo lipogenesis and a dietary need for particular fatty acids (FAs) shows that FA metabolism in insects is analogous to mammals but with distinct features. Bees rely on their dietary intake for essential sterols and lipids in a way that is dependent upon pollen availability.

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“…Upon arrival at UC Davis, the dams were placed on the 2018 Teklad global 18% protein diet containing 186 g/kg protein, 62 g/kg fat, 589 g/kg carbohydrates, and 53 g/kg ash. Dietary fatty acid composition was confirmed by gas‐chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection (GC‐FID) analysis as previously described (Taha et al ). In brief, a few pellets were crushed with a pestle and mortar, weighed to approximately 100 mg ( n = 4) and transesterified in 3.6 mL of 1.3% methanolic (Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH, USA; Cat #A454‐4) HCl (37M, Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; Cat #320331) containing 400 µL toluene (Fisher Scientific; Cat #T2914).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linoleic acid‐derived metabolites constitute the majority of oxylipins in the rat pup brain and stimulate axonal growth in primary rat cortical neuron‐glia co‐cultures in a sex‐dependent manner

Hennebelle

Morgan

Sethi

et al. 2019

Journal of Neurochemistry

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In adult rats, omega-6 linoleic acid (LA, serves as a precursor to oxidized LA metabolites (OXLAMs) known to regulate multiple signaling processes in the brain. However, little is known regarding the levels or role(s) of LA and its metabolites during brain development. To address this gap, fatty acids within various brain lipid pools, and their oxidized metabolites (oxylipins) were quantified in brains from 1-day-old male and female pups using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Primary neuron-glia co-cultures derived from postnatal day 0-1 male and female rat neocortex were exposed to vehicle (0.1% ethanol), LA, the OXLAM 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE), or prostaglandin E2 at 10-1000 nM for 48 h to test their effects on neuronal morphology. In both male and female pups, LA accounted for 1-3% of fatty acids detected in brain phospholipids and cholesteryl esters. It was not detected in triacylglycerols, and free fatty acids. Unesterified OXLAMs constituted 47-53% of measured unesterified oxylipins in males and females (vs.~5-7% reported in adult rat brain). Of these, 13-HODE was the most abundant, accounting for 30-33% of measured OXLAMs. Brain fatty acid and OXLAM concentrations did not differ between sexes. LA and 13-HODE significantly increased axonal outgrowth. Separate analyses of cultures derived from male versus female pups revealed that LA at 1, 50, and 1000 nM, significantly increased axonal outgrowth in female but not male cortical neurons, whereas 13-HODE at 100 nM significantly increased axonal outgrowth in male but not female cortical neurons. prostaglandin E2 did not alter neuronal outgrowth in either sex. This study demonstrates that OXLAMs constitute the majority of unesterified oxylipins in the developing rat brain despite low relative abundance of their LA precursor, and highlights a novel role of LA and 13-HODE in differentially influencing neuronal morphogenesis in the developing male and female brain.

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Threshold changes in rat brain docosahexaenoic acid incorporation and concentration following graded reductions in dietary alpha-linolenic acid

Cited by 11 publications

References 54 publications

Dietary Linoleic Acid Lowering Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Increase in Brain Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

Dietary Linoleic Acid Lowering Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Increase in Brain Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

Sterol and lipid metabolism in bees

Linoleic acid‐derived metabolites constitute the majority of oxylipins in the rat pup brain and stimulate axonal growth in primary rat cortical neuron‐glia co‐cultures in a sex‐dependent manner

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