“…Following Dungey, Fry, González-Hermosillo, Martin, and Tang (2010), Karim et al (2010), and Majid and Kassim (2009), this study sets July 26, 2007 as the starting point of the U.S. subprime crisis. In the case of missing data, this study adopts a similar technique suggested by Hirayama and Tsutsui (1998) and Karim et al (2010), whereby the slots of missing data were filled with the previous day's market index values.…”