Threshold Fine-Tuning and 3D Characterisation of Porous Media Using X-ray Nanotomography

Ostadi, Hossein; Rama, Pratap; Liu, Yu; Chen, Rui; Zhang, Xiaoxian; Jiang, Kyle

doi:10.2174/157341310790945623

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Nanotomography is beginning to have a very significant impact on materials science quantifying both materials fabrication and degradation processes. It helps quantify void nucleation and growth, 99 porosity and pore connectivity, 100,101 metal 77,102 (Fig. 6) and polymer 103 composite microstructures, fuel cells, 104–108 multiphase alloys, 109,110 self-healing materials, 111 and corrosion.…”

Section: Emerging Avenues In Tomographic Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative X-ray tomography

Maire¹,

Withers²

2013

International Materials Reviews

1,086

601

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X-ray computer tomography (CT) is fast becoming an accepted tool within the materials science community for the acquisition of 3D images. Here the authors review the current state of the art as CT transforms from a qualitative diagnostic tool to a quantitative one. Our review considers first the image acquisition process, including the use of iterative reconstruction strategies suited to specific segmentation tasks and emerging methods that provide more insight (e.g. fast and high resolution imaging, crystallite (grain) imaging) than conventional attenuation based tomography. Methods and shortcomings of CT are examined for the quantification of 3D volumetric data to extract key topological parameters such as phase fractions, phase contiguity, and damage levels as well as density variations. As a non-destructive technique, CT is an ideal means of following structural development over time via time lapse sequences of 3D images (sometimes called 3D movies or 4D imaging). This includes information needed to optimise manufacturing processes, for example sintering or solidification, or to highlight the proclivity of specific degradation processes under service conditions, such as intergranular corrosion or fatigue crack growth. Besides the repeated application of static 3D image quantification to track such changes, digital volume correlation (DVC) and particle tracking (PT) methods are enabling the mapping of deformation in 3D over time. Finally the use of CT images is considered as the starting point for numerical modelling based on realistic microstructures, for example to predict flow through porous materials, the crystalline deformation of polycrystalline aggregates or the mechanical properties of composite materials.

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Section: Emerging Avenues In Tomographic Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative X-ray tomography

Maire¹,

Withers²

2013

International Materials Reviews

1,086

601

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“…In this section, the sample preparation and X-ray micro-tomography techniques are discussed first, followed by a summary of the key equations of the LB model. A full description of the X-ray microtomography and LB modelling techniques are provided elsewhere [20,[22][23][24].…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Study of Structural Change and Anisotropic Permeability in Compressed Carbon Cloth Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layers

et al. 2010

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The effect of compression on the actual structure and transport properties of the carbon cloth gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) are studied here. Structural features of GDL samples compressed in the 0.0–100.0 MPa range are encapsulated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and by employing X‐ray micro‐tomography to reconstruct direct digital 3D models. Pore size distribution (PSD) and porosity data are acquired directly from these models while permeability, degree of anisotropy and tortuosity are determined through lattice Boltzmann (LB) numerical modelling. The structural models reveal that structural change proceeds through a three‐step process, while PSD data suggests a characteristic peak in the pore diameter of 10–14 μm and a decrease in the mean pore diameter from 33 to 12 μm over the range of tested pressures. A mathematical relationship between compression pressure and permeability is determined based on the Kozeny–Carman equation, revealing a one order of magnitude reduction in through‐plane permeability for a two order of magnitude increase in pressure. The results also reveal that the degree of anisotropy peaks in the range of 0.3–10.0 MPa, suggesting that in‐plane permeability can be maximised relative to through‐plane permeability within a material‐specific range of compression pressures.

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“…Some authors have tried to make the concept of pore size distribution less arbitrary by using automatic algorithms to determine locally the radii of maximum balls that are fully inside the pore space. Partly because of the historical weight of the capillary analogy and partly with the help of these “inscribed balls” algorithms, pore size distributions are still being computed (e.g., Kuka et al, 2007 ; Papadopoulos et al, 2009 ; Ostadi et al, 2010 ; Bouckaert et al, 2013a ; Peng et al, 2014 ; Houston et al, 2017 ; Meira Cassaro et al, 2017 ). Yet, clearly, researchers have increasingly turned in recent years to other approaches to describe quantitatively the make-up of soils.…”

Section: Progress On the Physical Frontmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent Properties of Microbial Activity in Heterogeneous Soil Microenvironments: Different Research Approaches Are Slowly Converging, Yet Major Challenges Remain

et al. 2018

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Over the last 60 years, soil microbiologists have accumulated a wealth of experimental data showing that the bulk, macroscopic parameters (e.g., granulometry, pH, soil organic matter, and biomass contents) commonly used to characterize soils provide insufficient information to describe quantitatively the activity of soil microorganisms and some of its outcomes, like the emission of greenhouse gasses. Clearly, new, more appropriate macroscopic parameters are needed, which reflect better the spatial heterogeneity of soils at the microscale (i.e., the pore scale) that is commensurate with the habitat of many microorganisms. For a long time, spectroscopic and microscopic tools were lacking to quantify processes at that scale, but major technological advances over the last 15 years have made suitable equipment available to researchers. In this context, the objective of the present article is to review progress achieved to date in the significant research program that has ensued. This program can be rationalized as a sequence of steps, namely the quantification and modeling of the physical-, (bio)chemical-, and microbiological properties of soils, the integration of these different perspectives into a unified theory, its upscaling to the macroscopic scale, and, eventually, the development of new approaches to measure macroscopic soil characteristics. At this stage, significant progress has been achieved on the physical front, and to a lesser extent on the (bio)chemical one as well, both in terms of experiments and modeling. With regard to the microbial aspects, although a lot of work has been devoted to the modeling of bacterial and fungal activity in soils at the pore scale, the appropriateness of model assumptions cannot be readily assessed because of the scarcity of relevant experimental data. For significant progress to be made, it is crucial to make sure that research on the microbial components of soil systems does not keep lagging behind the work on the physical and (bio)chemical characteristics. Concerning the subsequent steps in the program, very little integration of the various disciplinary perspectives has occurred so far, and, as a result, researchers have not yet been able to tackle the scaling up to the macroscopic level. Many challenges, some of them daunting, remain on the path ahead. Fortunately, a number of these challenges may be resolved by brand new measuring equipment that will become commercially available in the very near future.

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Threshold Fine-Tuning and 3D Characterisation of Porous Media Using X-ray Nanotomography

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Quantitative X-ray tomography

Quantitative X-ray tomography

A Numerical Study of Structural Change and Anisotropic Permeability in Compressed Carbon Cloth Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layers

Emergent Properties of Microbial Activity in Heterogeneous Soil Microenvironments: Different Research Approaches Are Slowly Converging, Yet Major Challenges Remain

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