Thresholds for tolerance: the impact of racial and ethnic population composition on the vote for california propositions 187 and 209

Valenty, Linda O.; Sylvia, Ronald D.

doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2004.04.008

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…That pattern is reflected in the set of upward‐slopes—after the 25–30 percent threshold—for each of the different state‐level black population percentages. It is similar to findings from Giles et al () and Valenty and Sylvia (). Specifically, Giles et al () found that when 30 percent or more of school district's population was black, white transfer rates significantly increased.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Specifically, Giles et al (1975) found that when 30 percent or more of school district's population was black, white transfer rates significantly increased. Similarly, Valenty and Sylvia (2004) focused on the effect of Hispanic presence, and found that when the percent of Hispanics in a given area was greater than 30 percent, voters were more likely to vote for racially-and ethnically-charged ballot propositions. Although their analyses did not include interactions, these results highlight the potential for a threshold effect similar to that identified here.…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sentencing and State-Level Racial and Ethnic Contexts

Wang¹,

Mears²

2015

Law Soc Rev

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Sentencing studies have incorporated social context in studying sentencing decisions, but to date the bulk of prior work has focused almost exclusively on county context. An unresolved question is whether there also may be state‐level effects on sentencing. Drawing from the minority threat perspective, we examine (1) whether state‐level racial and ethnic contexts affect sentencing, (2) whether this effect amplifies the effect of county‐level racial and ethnic contexts on sentencing, and (3) whether the interaction of county‐level and state‐level contextual effects is greater for minorities than for whites. Analysis of State Court Processing Statistics and other data indicates that state‐level racial and ethnic contexts are associated with sentencing outcomes and that this effect may differ by outcome (e.g., incarceration versus sentence length) and by type of context (e.g., racial or ethnic). The study's findings and their implications are discussed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sentencing and State-Level Racial and Ethnic Contexts

Wang¹,

Mears²

2015

Law Soc Rev

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“…Similarly, in an analysis of national survey data, Fennelly and Federico (2008) found that the strongest predictors of support for tighter immigration policies/control are negative attitudes toward multiculturalism and perceptions of immigration as an economic and social burden. Similar results are found in studies measuring the relationships between political ideology and attitudes toward immigration, as ideological conservatism and strong nationalistic attachments are consistently related to support for immigration restrictions (Espenshade and Hempstead, 1996;Chandler and Tsai, 2001;Scheve and Slaughter, 2001;Barkan, 2003;Valenty and Sylvia, 2004;Semyonov et al, 2006;Ceobanu and Escandell, 2008). Haubert and Fussell (2006) further reveal that measures of "cosmopolitanism"-which they measure as increased education, having lived abroad, and an ideological rejection of ethnocentrism-are strong predictors of pro-immigration attitudes.…”

Section: Factors and Conditions Influencing Local Immigration Politicssupporting

confidence: 71%

The Variegated Landscape of Local Immigration Policies in the United States

Walker¹,

Leitner²

2011

Urban Geography

237

190

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Hundreds of municipalities and counties across the United States have proposed or implemented immigration policies at the local level, ranging from "sanctuary" policies to those designed to exclude undocumented immigrants. Data collected on these policies are presented, and statistically analyzed at the municipal level to interrogate existing hypotheses about factors driving these policy decisions. Municipalities experiencing rapid growth of their foreign-born population and with a high percentage of owner-occupied housing are more likely to introduce exclusionary policies, whereas municipalities with better educated populations are more likely to adopt inclusionary policies. The location of municipalities in the U.S. South and outside central cities is also associated with exclusionary policies. Textual analysis of policy documents for selected municipalities provides insight into why similarly located places adopt contrasting policies. Local ordinances reflect contrasting local imaginaries of race, nation, and place. 157

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“…374-375; see also Sampson and Raudenbush 2004). Other studies suggest that the tipping point occurs when county minority populations are 30 percent or higher (Giles, Cataldo, and Gatlin 1975;Valenty and Sylvia 2004). Should the tipping point be relatively low, a change in threat might well be greater in lower-threat communities.…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Examining the Direct and Interactive Effects of Changes in Racial and Ethnic Threat on Sentencing Decisions

Wang

Mears

2010

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Minority threat theory has been used to explain sentencing decisions, but rarely has the theory's logic been assessed by examining changes in threat. Building on prior theoretical and empirical research, we develop hypotheses about the direct and interactive effects of changes in racial and ethnic threat on sentencing. We test the hypotheses using data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics' State Court Processing Statistics program and other sources. The results indicate that increased racial threat contributes to a greater probability of receiving a prison sentence when baseline levels of threat are high. Less support is found for an effect of changes in ethnic threat. We find no support Downloaded from for arguments that minority threat effects are greater among minority defendants, but we do find support for the argument that threat effects are greater among violent and drug offenders. We discuss the implications of the findings for theory, research, and policy.

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Thresholds for tolerance: the impact of racial and ethnic population composition on the vote for california propositions 187 and 209

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Sentencing and State-Level Racial and Ethnic Contexts

Sentencing and State-Level Racial and Ethnic Contexts

The Variegated Landscape of Local Immigration Policies in the United States

Examining the Direct and Interactive Effects of Changes in Racial and Ethnic Threat on Sentencing Decisions

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