Thresholds of visceral fat area and percent of body fat to define sarcopenic obesity and its clinical consequences in Chinese cancer patients

Predictive Roles of Basal Metabolic Rate and Body Water Distribution in Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity: The link to Carbohydrates

“…The sarcopenia stage is characterized by the combination of low muscle mass plus either low grip strength or slow gait speed, whereas severe sarcopenia is the stage when all three criteria for the definition are met (i.e., low muscle mass and both low muscle strength and low physical performance) [ 4 ]. Sarcopenia was defined as HGS < 28 kg and SMI < 7.0 kg/m 2 for males and HGS < 18 kg and SMI < 5.7 kg/m 2 for females by using previously reported definitions [ 5 , 25 ]. Obesity was defined as BMI (≥28.0 kg/m 2 ) or body fat (≥25.0% for males, ≥35.0% for females) [ 26 ] or WC (≥90 cm for males, ≥80 cm for females) [ 27 ] in this study.…”

“…Linear regression and logistic regression were used to assess the association of BMR and body composition parameters with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to test the predictive accuracy of BMR for detecting sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity and to determine an appropriate cutoff value [ 25 , 32 ].…”

Development of Formulas for Calculating L3 Skeletal Muscle Mass Index and Visceral Fat Area Based on Anthropometric Parameters

“…The cutoffs of SMI were 34.9cm 2 /m 2 for women and 40.8cm 2 /m 2 for men in sarcopenia (10), and the diagnostic consistency was 87.3%. The cutoffs of VFA were 61.2 cm 2 for women and 75.2 cm 2 for men (9) and the diagnostic consistency was 86.5%. The clinical events diagnosed by the real measured and predicted parameters are displayed in Table 3.…”

“…Martin et al (7) proposed skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the third lumbar vertebra as a nutritional indicator, which behaved well in the detection of occult muscle depletion compared with traditional nutritional indicators, such as BMI and weight loss. Then SMI and visceral fat area (VFA) at the third lumbar vertebra have been demonstrated as substitutes for whole-body composition and have been associated with clinical outcomes, which were gradually adopted (8,9). Another reason for the extensive use of the third lumbar vertebra is its inclusion in typical abdominal CTs.…”

“…Zhuang et al (10) reported that SMI is an independent predictor of severe postoperative complications [odds ratio (OR) = 3.010, p < 0.001] and longterm survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.653, p < 0.001] after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Li et al proposed cutoffs of VFA in sarcopenic obesity and demonstrated its unfavorable impact on survival (HR = 2.772, p < 0.001) (9). However, equipment and technical requirements are obvious drawbacks to iconography, which makes it seem unreasonable under the circumstance of universal and quick nutrition assessment.…”