Thromboembolic complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children

Abstract

Background: Thromboembolism is less common in children than in adults, but it is frequently associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in many cases. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of pediatric M. pneumoniae pneumonia complicated with thromboembolism.Methods: Hospitalized patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia complicated by thromboembolism were enrolled from January 2012 to December 2021 in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, China. The data on clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and treatment were evaluated. Results: A total of 49 cases were enrolled, with a mean age of 7.9 years old, including 27 boys and 22 girls. Consolidation of pulmonary lobe or segment was observed in 95.9% (47/49) of the cases, whereas interstitial change was found only in two patients; 85.7% (42/49) of patients had pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascular thromboembolism was most common in 35 patients, whereas 13 cases had thromboembolism of multiple anatomic sites. The levels of Creaction protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were all increased, with a mean value of 54.08 ± 52.27 g/L, 451.12 ± 218.76 U/ L, 43.40 ± 29.43 mm/h, respectively. Blood coagulation test showed that all 49 patients had elevated D-dimer values (median 3.81 ng/ml, range, 0.34-48 ng/ml) and normal PT. aPTT.LA was positive in 74.3% (26/35) of the cases. aCL-IgM was positive in 66.7% (26/39) of the cases. aβ2GPI-IgM was positive in 79.4% (27/34) of the cases. The prognosis was generally good in this group. Conclusion:Pulmonary arteriovenous thromboembolism is the most common thromboembolism complicated in MPP, and cerebral artery embolism and cardiac thrombosis are common in extrapulmonary thromboembolism. In the cases of MPP with thromboembolic complications, pulmonary consolidation with pleural effusion is the main characteristic. About two thirds of the cases are positive for antiphospholipid antibodies.

Pulmonary Thrombotic Complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Chinese Children: Clinical Feature and Risk Factor Analysis

“…However, the PT group had a significantly higher rate of chest pain and hemoptysis than the non-PT group, indicating that chest pain and hemoptysis may have some diagnostic value for PT. The proportions of chest pain and hemoptysis in our PT group were 41.7% and 13.3%, respectively, which were higher than those of Liu et al 4 (40.0% chest pain and 5.7% hemoptysis) and Chen et al 17 (30.3% chest pain and 9.1% hemoptysis). The discrepancy in results may be related to various factors such as MP virulence and regional environment, and further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to elucidate this.…”

Marine-Derived Sulfated Glycans Inhibit the Interaction of Heparin with Adhesion Proteins of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

“…M. pneumoniae infections exhibit a year-round global presence, subject to periodic epidemics attributed to factors such as diminished herd immunity and the emergence of novel subtypes, with notable outbreaks recorded in late 2019 and early 2020 across multiple nations, mainly in Europe and Asia [4,5]. Reports indicate substantial occurrences of co-infection involving M. pneumoniae alongside various bacteria and viruses, with certain instances leading to severe clinical outcomes [6,7]. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions have markedly influenced the epidemiological landscape of M. pneumoniae infections.…”