2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.21.348037
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Through-scalp deep-brain stimulation in tether-free, naturally-behaving mice with widefield NIR-II illumination

Abstract: Neural modulation techniques with electricity, light and other forms of energy have enabled the deconstruction of neural circuitry. One major challenge of existing neural modulation techniques is the invasive brain implants and the permanent skull attachment of an optical fiber for modulating neural activity in the deep brain. Here we report an implant-free and tether-free optical neuromodulation technique in deep-brain regions through the intact scalp with brain-penetrant second near-infrared (NIR-II) illumin… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…[ 24 ], the data in (d) are reproduced from ref. [ 19 ] and the data in (e) and (f) are calculated from Equations 7 and 9 , respectively.…”
Section: Physical Principles Behind Optical Neuromodulation Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…[ 24 ], the data in (d) are reproduced from ref. [ 19 ] and the data in (e) and (f) are calculated from Equations 7 and 9 , respectively.…”
Section: Physical Principles Behind Optical Neuromodulation Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is noteworthy that the maximum penetration depth is found at 1070 nm, which is close to the operation wavelength of the Nd:YAG laser, 1064 nm. The wide availability of the Nd:YAG laser and the maximum penetration depth of light near its operation wavelength in the brain thus make this wavelength region (1050–1100 nm) attractive for deep-brain neuromodulation [ 19 ]. As a comparison, we estimate the percentage of photons reaching a depth of 4 mm in the brain in Fig.…”
Section: Physical Principles Behind Optical Neuromodulation Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lyu et al 42 Review semiconducting polymer nanobioconjugates, macromolecular infrared nanotransducers for deep brain stimulation have been demonstrated to enable through-scalp neuromodulation in freely moving mice. 100 Owing to the minimized tissue attenuation of 1064-nm NIR-II irradiation, macromolecular infrared nanotransducers for deep-brain stimulation (MINDS) have enabled neuromodulation in the motor cortex and ventral tegmental area of naturally behaving mice with wide-field NIR-II illumination at a low power density, in contrast to a fiber-tethered interface required for conventional optogenetic neuromodulation. This approach can remotely apply light to stimulate individual animals in the same arena, such as the IntelliCage, thus may enable simultaneous neuromodulation of multiple socially interacting animals.…”
Section: Nanotransducersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…6 The characteristic emission spectra and the energy conversion efficiency of the upconversion nanoparticles can be customized by turning the core−shell structures during synthesis. In organic macromolecules that convert NIR into heat dissipation and consequently activate genetically modified thermal-sensitive cells, 7 design of the macromolecule structure determines the photothermal efficiency, water-based processability and biocompatibility for in vivo applications.…”
Section: ■ How To Design Materials Engineering Platform To Realize Th...mentioning
confidence: 99%