Through the Eyes of a Child: the Development and Consequences of Racial Stereotypes in Black and White Children

Abstract

This chapter provides an integrated review of research conducted on the formation of racial stereotypes in Black and White children and adolescents. Specifically, the chapter outlines the developmental trajectory in which these children and adolescents formulate racial stereotypes and compares how racial stereotypes impact children and adolescents in these two racial groups psychologically and socially. It focuses on longitudinal and cross sectional studies that compare the development of children over time and point to variations in age and gender. The chapter seeks to answer three questions: Research Question # 1: What is the developmental trajectory of racial stereotypes in Black and White children? Research Question # 2: How do Black and White Children differ in the development of personal stereotypes and stereotype consciousness? Research Question # 3: What are the consequences related to the development of stereotypes in Black and White children? Results from studies reviewed reveal that Black children are disproportionately negatively impacted by the development of racial stereotypes, particularly because of their advanced awareness of broadly held stereotypes. Results showing the variation in impact give insight into factors contributing to the racial achievement gap, and implications for stereotype threat interventions.