Through the lens of history: The effects of beliefs about historical victimization on responses to refugees

Szabó, Zsolt Péter; Vollhardt, Johanna Ray; Meszaros, Noemi

doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.10.009

Cited by 23 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Relatedly, Hungarian citizens who saw their own historical role as Soviet refugees as similar to the plight faced by modern-day refugees seeking refuge in Hungary reported more positive feelings and higher willingness to help present-day refugees, while respondents who saw the two situations as dissimilar reported support for anti-refugee policies (Szabó, Vollhardt, & Mészáros, 2020). Still other research has found that non-Black American women reminded of sexism felt more obligated to support African Americans, an effect mediated by a sense of similarity (Warner et al, 2014).…”

Section: Theories Of Similaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraminority solidarity: The role of critical consciousness

Burson

Godfrey

2020

Euro J Social Psych

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A central question in the growing field of intraminority relations is how best to promote solidarity among marginalized groups. The current article reviews existing social psychological theories of intraminority relations, with a focus on barriers to, and facilitators of, intraminority solidarity. In particular, we explore the roles of competition and identity threats in eroding solidarity, and examine how similarity perceptions, a common identity of stigma, and structural and historical attributions generate solidarity. We then suggest that critical consciousness, a theory of sociopolitical development prominent in the developmental and community psychology literatures, can integrate disparate findings and extend our understanding of solidarity among marginalized groups. Borrowing from the critical consciousness literature, we outline new theoretical predictions for fostering intraminority solidarity. This exploration furthers existing theoretical work on intraminority solidarity and intergroup relations more broadly.

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Section: Theories Of Similaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraminority solidarity: The role of critical consciousness

Burson

Godfrey

2020

Euro J Social Psych

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“…These comparisons may occur on different levels and can involve conflict‐specific, event‐specific, region‐specific, and global victim beliefs (Szabó et al, ; Vollhardt, ; Vollhardt, Twali, et al, ). The most commonly studied comparative victim beliefs are conflict specific, comparing the suffering of the two parties in conflicts such as Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland, Jewish Israelis and Palestinians, or Hutus and Tutsis (e.g., Noor, Brown, Gonzalez, Manzi, & Lewis, ; Noor, Brown, & Prentice, ; Shnabel et al, ; Simantov‐Nachlieli, Shnabel, & Halabi, ; Vollhardt & Bilali, ).…”

Section: Construals Of Collective Violence Among Victim and Perpetratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, analyses of open‐ended answers following up on items assessing inclusive victim consciousness among a Northern Irish sample revealed that some participants had a selective sense of inclusive victim consciousness whereby they only included other groups who had suffered from similar conflict events (e.g., terrorism) in this category but not those who had suffered due to other kinds of group‐based violence (e.g., a genocide or war; Cohrs, McNeill, & Vollhardt, ). Similarly, studies among Hungarians revealed that event‐specific comparisons of the suffering of refugees today and Hungarian refugees in 1956 were more predictive of attitudes towards present‐day refugees than more general comparisons with victim groups worldwide (Szabo, Vollhardt, & Meszaros, ). In some contexts, comparisons of suffering experienced by other groups in the region make most sense, for example when several nations or minority groups were targeted by the same regimes, wars, or suffered from similar experiences of occupation and territorial divisions such as in Central Eastern Europe (Vollhardt, Twali, et al, ).…”

Section: Construals Of Collective Violence Among Victim and Perpetratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But even on a group level, the ingroup’s victimization is not an important part of all group members’ personal and collective identities (Vollhardt & Nair, ). Instead, some group members may believe it is more important to move on and forget about the past, or to find ways of remembering the past but without letting it define and shape the future (Vollhardt, Szabo, et al, ).…”

Section: Construals Of Collective Violence Among Victim and Perpetratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Centrality of ingroup victimization varies individually, just like any other aspect of ingroup identification. Some group members also express the desire to move on and focus on a more positive future or on other aspects of their group’s culture and history (Vollhardt & Nair, ; Vollhardt, Szabo, et al, ).…”

Section: Construals Of Collective Violence Among Victim and Perpetratmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Victim and Perpetrator Groups’ Divergent Perspectives on Collective Violence: Implications for Intergroup Relations

Bilali

Vollhardt

2019

Political Psychology

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Groups in conflict develop strikingly different construals of the same violent events. These clashing perceptions of past violence can have detrimental consequences for intergroup relations and might provoke new hostilities.In this article, we integrate and juxtapose what we know about construals of collective violence by delineating the different dimensions along which these construals differ between victim and perpetrator groups: regarding the question of who is the victim, who is responsible for the harm doing, what the perpetrator's intent was, how severe the violence was, and when it took place. Then, we discuss the individual-and group-level factors (e.g., collective narratives, social identities) that shape these construals, as well as their implications for attitudes regarding the conflict and support for relevant policies. We distinguish two different core motives that drive construals and their outcomes among victim and perpetrator groups: Perpetrator groups try to cope with moral identity threats and preserve a positive image of the ingroup, while victim groups try to protect their ingroup from future harm doing and desire acknowledgment of their group's experiences. Lastly, we discuss implications for strategies and interventions to address victim and perpetrator groups' divergent perspectives of collective violence.

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Collective victim beliefs in the aftermath of historical trauma and their effects on psychological well‐being: Initial findings among the Polish diaspora in the United States

Skrodzka,

Vollhardt

2024

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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Historical trauma impacts the affected groups long after traumatic events. In response to such experiences, people may make sense of this history through collective victimisation beliefs that compare their ingroup's experiences to outgroups' experiences. Additionally, they may perceive these collective experiences as central to their self and group identity, or distance themselves from them. However, it is not yet well understood how distinct beliefs about historical trauma are linked to psychological well‐being. The present study examined this question among the Polish diaspora in the United States (N = 280). Mediation analyses showed a negative indirect effect of exclusive victim beliefs and centrality of collective victimisation on psychological well‐being, while inclusive victim beliefs and decentring collective victimisation had positive indirect effects on psychological well‐being. Structural equation modelling examining all collective victim beliefs simultaneously highlighted historical victimisation as identity content (a subscale of centrality of collective victimisation) as a particularly important predictor of psychological well‐being, through historical trauma emotions. Overall, in line with appraisal theory, these findings suggest that how a group's historical victimisation is construed is linked to emotional processes and can predict psychological well‐being. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

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Through the lens of history: The effects of beliefs about historical victimization on responses to refugees

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Intraminority solidarity: The role of critical consciousness

Intraminority solidarity: The role of critical consciousness

Victim and Perpetrator Groups’ Divergent Perspectives on Collective Violence: Implications for Intergroup Relations

Collective victim beliefs in the aftermath of historical trauma and their effects on psychological well‐being: Initial findings among the Polish diaspora in the United States

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