Throughfall and fog deposition of nitrogen and sulfur at an N-limited and N-saturated site in the San Bernardino Mountains, southern California

Fenn, Mark E.; Poth, Merrily; Schilling, Susan; Grainger, David B

doi:10.1139/x00-076

Cited by 56 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As a result of the Mediterranean climate, dry nitrogen deposition plays a dominant role during the long dry summers, in contrast to much of northern Europe and northeastern North America, where a larger fraction of nitrogen deposition occurs as acidic precipitation (5). Furthermore, deposition of nitrogen in fog is also substantial in the San Bernardino Mountains, particularly in the spring and fall (18). These forest soils are also unique in that nitrate concentrations at the most N-impacted site are considerably higher than in any other soil previously reported in the literature (16,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Autotrophic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria Contribute Minimally to Nitrification in a Nitrogen-Impacted Forested Ecosystem

Jordan

Cantera

Fenn

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Deposition rates of atmospheric nitrogenous pollutants to forests in the San Bernardino Mountains range east of Los Angeles, California, are the highest reported in North America. Acidic soils from the west end of the range are N-saturated and have elevated rates of N-mineralization, nitrification, and nitrate leaching. We assessed the impact of this heavy nitrogen load on autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing communities by investigating their composition, abundance, and activity. Analysis of 177 cloned ␤-Proteobacteria ammonia oxidizer 16S rRNA genes from highly to moderately N-impacted soils revealed similar levels of species composition; all of the soils supported the previously characterized Nitrosospira clusters 2, 3, and 4. Ammonia oxidizer abundance measured by quantitative PCR was also similar among the soils. However, rates of potential nitrification activity were greater for N-saturated soils than for soils collected from a less impacted site, but autotrophic (i.e., acetylene-sensitive) activity was low in all soils examined. N-saturated soils incubated for 30 days with ammonium accumulated additional soluble ammonium, whereas less-N-impacted soils had a net loss of ammonium. Lastly, nitrite production by cultivated Nitrosospira multiformis, an autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium adapted to relatively high ammonium concentrations, was significantly inhibited in pH-controlled slurries of sterilized soils amended with ammonium despite the maintenance of optimal ammonia-oxidizing conditions. Together, these results showed that factors other than autotrophic ammonia oxidizers contributed to high nitrification rates in these N-impacted forest soils and, unlike many other environments, differences in nitrogen content and soil pH did not favor particular autotrophic ammonia oxidizer groups.

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confidence: 84%

Autotrophic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria Contribute Minimally to Nitrification in a Nitrogen-Impacted Forested Ecosystem

Jordan

Cantera

Fenn

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In 1990 pH values in a survey of the same region were generally within the range of pH 4.6 to 5.7 (WOOD et al 1992;WOOD 1994). Soil acidification due to atmospheric deposition in southern California is presumably from N deposition, because S deposition is low in this region (FENN et al 2000).…”

Section: Mixed Conifer and Chaparral In Southern Californiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of soil acidification in North America

Fenn¹,

Huntington²,

McLaughlin³

et al. 2006

J. For. Sci.

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Forest soil acidification and depletion of nutrient cations have been reported for several forested regions in North America, predominantly in the eastern United States, including the northeast and in the central Appalachians, but also in parts of southeastern Canada and the southern U.S. Continuing regional inputs of nitrogen and sulfur are of concern because of leaching of base cations, increased availability of soil Al, and the accumulation and ultimate transmission of acidity from forest soils to streams. Losses of calcium from forest soils and forested watersheds have now been documented as a sensitive early indicator and a functionally significant response to acid deposition for a wide range of forest soils in North America. For red spruce, a clear link has been established between acidic deposition, alterations in calcium and aluminum supplies and increased sensitivity to winter injury. Cation depletion appears to contribute to sugar maple decline on some soils, specifically the high mortality rates observed in northern Pennsylvania over the last decade. While responses to liming have not been systematically examined in North America, in a study in Pennsylvania, restoring basic cations through liming increased basal area growth of sugar maple and levels of calcium and magnesium in soil and foliage. In the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California near the west coast, the pH of the A horizon has declined by at least 2 pH units (to pH 4.0–4.3) over the past 30 years, with no detrimental effects on bole growth; presumably, because of the Mediterranean climate, base cation pools are still high and not limiting for plant growth.

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“…The above comparisons indicate that large amounts of sulfate and nitrogen deposit on the deciduous forests at Lake Mashu by fog water deposition as well as wet deposition due to precipitation. Prior studies have found that the amount of inorganic ions deposited by fog water is a large proportion of the total (Klemm and Wrzesinsky, 2007;Igawa et al, 2002;Fenn et al, 2000;Kobayashi et al, 1999).…”

Section: Estimation Of Fog Water and Inorganic Ion Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such acid fog deposits on vegetative surfaces and is harmful to plants (Schaberg et al, 2000;Jacobson et al, 1989;Schemenauer, 1986). In addition, fog water deposition significantly contributes to hydrological, nutrient and pollutant inputs to forest ecosystems (Ewing et al, 2009;Fenn et al, 2000;Dawson, 1998), and it may affect the woodland along the somma of Lake Mashu. Nevertheless, the fog water deposition on the woodland in the area, which can cause supply considerable amounts of pollutants and nutrients, has still not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Deposition and Behavior on Leaves in Cool-temperate Deciduous Forests. Part 2: Characteristics of Fog Water Chemistry and Fog Deposition in Northern Japan

Yamaguchi¹,

Noguchi²,

Watanabe³

et al. 2013

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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The fog water chemistry and deposition in northern Japan were investigated by fog water and throughfall measurements in 2010. Fog water was sampled weekly by an active-string fog sampler at Lake Mashu from May to November. Throughfall measurements were conducted using rain gauges under three deciduous trees along the somma of the lake from August to October. The mean fog deposition rate (flux) was calculated using throughfall data to estimate the total fog water deposition amount for the entire sampling period. NH 4 + + and SO 4 2-were the most abundant cation and anion, respectively, in the fog water samples. A mean pH of 5.08 in the fog water, which is higher than those in rural areas in Japan, was observed. The [NH 4 + + ]/[SO 4 2-] equivalent ratio in fog water was larger than 1.0 throughout the study period, indicating that NH 3 gas was the primary neutralizing agent for fog water acidity. The mean rate and total amount of fog water deposition were estimated as 0.15 mm h -1 and 164 mm, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen and sulfate deposition via fog water deposition were corresponded to those reported values of the annual deposition amounts via rainfall.

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Throughfall and fog deposition of nitrogen and sulfur at an N-limited and N-saturated site in the San Bernardino Mountains, southern California

Cited by 56 publications

References 48 publications

Autotrophic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria Contribute Minimally to Nitrification in a Nitrogen-Impacted Forested Ecosystem

Autotrophic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria Contribute Minimally to Nitrification in a Nitrogen-Impacted Forested Ecosystem

Status of soil acidification in North America

Aerosol Deposition and Behavior on Leaves in Cool-temperate Deciduous Forests. Part 2: Characteristics of Fog Water Chemistry and Fog Deposition in Northern Japan

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