Throughfall and Stemflow Chemistry in a Northern Hardwood Forest

Eaton, John S.; Likens, Gene E.; Bormann, Franz–Josef

doi:10.2307/2259041

Cited by 306 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The differences were large for K, Na, N, Ca, and Mg, and small for P, Fe and Mn. The results are similar to those of many other studies [7,11,26,27]. It is generally assumed that the wash-off of aerosol impact on the canopy (including branches and trunks) and leaching from the leaves are the two major sources of the extra nutrients in throughfall and stemflow [11].…”

Section: Nutrient Concentration and Fluxes In Precipitation Componentssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The results are similar to those of many other studies [7,11,26,27]. It is generally assumed that the wash-off of aerosol impact on the canopy (including branches and trunks) and leaching from the leaves are the two major sources of the extra nutrients in throughfall and stemflow [11]. Some studies of dry deposition have indicated that impacted terrestrial aerosols are not negligibly small as a component of the chemicals in throughfall and stemflow [11,29,33].…”

Section: Nutrient Concentration and Fluxes In Precipitation Componentssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…It is generally assumed that the wash-off of aerosol impact on the canopy (including branches and trunks) and leaching from the leaves are the two major sources of the extra nutrients in throughfall and stemflow [11]. Some studies of dry deposition have indicated that impacted terrestrial aerosols are not negligibly small as a component of the chemicals in throughfall and stemflow [11,29,33]. In this study, only the inputs by means of bulk precipitation have been considered, which includes any aerosols (including sea spray) washed from the atmosphere during rainfall as well as dry deposition onto the collector funnel [4].…”

Section: Nutrient Concentration and Fluxes In Precipitation Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precipitation partitioning and related nutrient fluxes in a subtropical forest in Okinawa, Japan

Wang

Hirata

2005

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Precipitation partitioning into throughfall and stemflow and related hydrochemical fluxes were examined during a 3 y period from January 1998 to December 2000 in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest on Okinawa Island, Japan. Monthly water samples were collected to determine the concentrations and associated fluxes of bioelements. The mean annual precipitation during the study period was 3325 mm. Typhoons played a central role in the hydrology of the study forest with 11 typhoons contributing 29.1% of the total rainfall over the 3 y period. Throughfall and stemflow contributed 53.9% and 30.9% of the annual rainfall, respectively, implying a rainfall interception of 15.2%. The very high fraction of stemflow could be due to the crown morphology of the dominant species, Castanopsis sieboldii, that has inclined branches and concave shaped leaves. Mean pH in the precipitation was 6.22, and decreased significantly as the water passed through the canopy. Concentrations of total N, DOC, K, Na, Ca, and Mg showed a clear pattern of enrichment in both throughfall and stemflow compared to rainfall. The proximity to the Pacific Ocean strongly influenced the nutrient fluxes via rainfall at our site as illustrated by the extremely high Na fluxes via rainfall (213 kg Na ha -1 y -1 ) and throughfall plus stemflow (291 kg Na ha -1 y -1 ). The mean annual nutrient inputs (in kg ha -1 ) were: total N 43, P 2.6, K 76, Ca 49, Mg 30, Na 291, Al 1.8, Fe 1.0, and Mn 1.1. The input of DOC reached 361 kg C ha -1 y -1 . The high nutrient inputs via net precipitation (throughfall plus stemflow) especially for N at our site is thought to reflect the frequent occurrence of sea salt-induced stress and serious herbivory by insect.Castanopsis sieboldii / dissolved organic carbon / evergreen broad-leaved forest / nutrient cycling / stemflow / throughfall Résumé -Partition des précipitations et flux de nutriments dans une forêt subtropicale d'Okinawa au Japon. La partition des précipitations entre eau arrivant directement au sol et écoulement le long des troncs et flux hydrochimiques liés a été étudié pendant 3 ans de janvier 1998 à décembre 2000 dans une forêt feuillue à feuilles persistantes de l'île d'Okinawa au Japon. Mensuellement des échantillons d'eau étaient collectés pour déterminer les concentrations et les flux des bioéléments. Les précipitations annuelles moyennes pendant la période étudiée ont atteint 3325 mm. Les typhons jouent un rôle central dans l'hydrologie de la forêt étudiée avec 11 typhons contribuant à 29,1 % des précipitations totales pour les 3 ans de la période d'étude. L'eau arrivant directement au sol et l'écoulement le long des troncs représentent respectivement 53,9 % et 30,9 % des précipitations incidentes annuelles, impliquant une interception des précipitations de 15,2 %. La part importante de l'écoulement le long des troncs pourrait être dû à la morphologie des couronnes de l'espèce dominante Castanopsis sieboldii qui a des branches inclinées et des feuilles de formes concaves. Le pH des précipitati...

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Section: Nutrient Concentration and Fluxes In Precipitation Componentssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Nutrient Concentration and Fluxes In Precipitation Componentssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Nutrient Concentration and Fluxes In Precipitation Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precipitation partitioning and related nutrient fluxes in a subtropical forest in Okinawa, Japan

Wang

Hirata

2005

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…Para todas as espécies estudadas, independentemente da fase sucessional, a porcentagem de lixiviação apresentou a seguinte ordem decrescente: Na > K > Mg > Ca. O Na, por ser um elemento caracteristicamente de origem atmosférica (EATON et al, 1973), foi o elemento mais lixiviado das folhas da serapilheira. Isso ocorreu devido à proximidade da área de estudo com o mar (apenas 17 km), favorecendo a deposição de sais de sódio, principalmente de NaCl, sobre a vegetação do local.…”

Section: Porcentagem De Lixiviação De K Ca Mg E Na Das Folhas De Seunclassified

Lixiviação De Nutrientes Da Serapilheira Recém-Depositada Em Sucessão Ecológica Na Floresta Atlântica, Litoral Do Paraná

Dickow¹,

Marques²,

Pinto³

2009

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ResumoO presente estudo foi realizado na Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas, no litoral paranaense, onde foram instaladas parcelas em três fases sucessionais, denominadas fases sucessionais inicial, intermediária e avançada. Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a contribuição imediata das folhas de algumas espécies selecionadas e demais frações da serapilheira na liberação de nutrientes para o solo por meio da lixiviação. Para a coleta, foram instalados 10 coletores tipo cesta em cada fase sucessional. Esse material foi coletado durante um ano e lixiviado por pulverização em casa de vegetação, sendo analisada a concentração de K, Ca, Mg e Na no lixiviado coletado. Os resultados mostraram diferenças na liberação de nutrientes da serapilheira coletada ao longo das estações, ou seja, as condições climáticas apresentaram efeito sobre a qualidade da serapilheira lixiviada. O comportamento das fases sucessionais foi distinto, sendo que a maior liberação de nutrientes das folhas das espécies selecionadas ocorreu na fase avançada. A ordem decrescente de liberação de nutrientes da serapilheira foi a seguinte: K > Mg > Na > Ca. De forma geral, observou-se que os elementos foram liberados das frações da serapilheira na seguinte ordem decrescente: fração miscelânea > fração ramos e frutos > fração folhas. Palavras-chave: Serapilheira; nutrição florestal; Floresta Ombrófila Densa. AbstractLeaching of nutrients in ecological succession in the Atlantic Florest in Parana state. The present study was carried out in the Floresta Ombrófila Densa on the low lands, in the State of Paraná. The plots were installed in three successional stages: initial, intermediary and advanced. The aim of this work was to evaluate the immediate contribution of leaf litter of selected tree species and other litter fractions on nutrient release to soil, through leaching. For litterfall collection, 10 collectors were installed per successional stage. Litterfall collected during one year, was leached by pulverization of deionized water and the concentration of K, Ca, Mg and Na analyzed. The results showed differences for nutrient released from litterfall in the course of the seasons, suggesting that climatic conditions affected the quality of the litter leached. The behavior of the successional stages was distinct and the highest nutrient release from the leaves occurred in the advanced stage. The highest nutrient release, in total litterfall, occurred in the initial stage. The sequence of nutrient release was the follow: K > Mg > Na > Ca. Differences in the nutrient releasing from litter fractions were observed. The sequence was miscellaneous > twigs and fruits > leaves. Keywords: Litterfall; forest nutrition; tropical forest. INTRODUÇÃOA denominada Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas consta entre as mais exuberantes florestas de clima tropical, sendo o litoral paranaense um dos últimos trechos da costa brasileira que ainda possui considerável extensão dessa formação vegetal. Apesar da sua importância na biodiversidade vegetal, a florest...

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“…(1) a decrease in the pH and base saturation of forest soils; (2) an increase in foliage losses of the forest canopy (Eaton, Likens, and Bormann 1973); and (3) abnormal needle development in some species of pines (Gordon 1968). These may, in turn, cause a reduction in forest productivity by limiting the availability of nutrients or by reducing the tree's ability to assimilate them successfully.…”

Section: Acid Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic measurement of environment damages

Krawiec¹

1980

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Throughfall and Stemflow Chemistry in a Northern Hardwood Forest

Cited by 306 publications

References 24 publications

Precipitation partitioning and related nutrient fluxes in a subtropical forest in Okinawa, Japan

Precipitation partitioning and related nutrient fluxes in a subtropical forest in Okinawa, Japan

Lixiviação De Nutrientes Da Serapilheira Recém-Depositada Em Sucessão Ecológica Na Floresta Atlântica, Litoral Do Paraná

Economic measurement of environment damages

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