Throughput Modeling and Analysis of Random Access in Narrowband Internet of Things

Sun, Yuyi; Tong, Fei; Zhang, Zhikun; He, Shibo

doi:10.1109/jiot.2017.2782318

Cited by 58 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Several research algorithms and protocols have been implemented in the literature to improve NB-IoT performance, but none have been able to address all the listed challenges in a single model. The research work of [130], has a receiver algorithm for NB-IoT NP-RACH detection and the arrival time of estimation. The result of the simulation highlighted the potentials of NB-IoT in detection rate, false alarm, and estimated arrival time accuracy.…”

Section: K Simulation and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Upon NB-IoT Networks: A Roadmap Towards 5G New Radio Networks

Hancke

Abu‐Mahfouz

2020

IEEE Access

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Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a type of low-power wide-area (LPWA) technology standardized by the 3 rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and based on long-term evolution (LTE) functionalities. NB-IoT has attracted significant interest from the research community due to its support for massive machine-type communication (mMTC) and various IoT use cases that have stringent specifications in terms of connectivity, energy efficiency, reachability, reliability, and latency. However, as the capacity requirements for different IoT use cases continue to grow, the various functionalities of the LTE evolved packet core (EPC) system may become overladen and inevitably suboptimal. Several research efforts are ongoing to meet these challenges; consequently, we present an overview of these efforts, mainly focusing on the Open System Interconnection (OSI) layer of the NB-IoT framework. We present an optimized architecture of the LTE EPC functionalities, as well as further discussion about the 3GPP NB-IoT standardization and its releases. Furthermore, the possible 5G architectural design for NB-IoT integration, the enabling technologies required for 5G NB-IoT, the 5G NR coexistence with NB-IoT, and the potential architectural deployment schemes of NB-IoT with cellular networks are introduced. In this article, a description of cloud-assisted relay with backscatter communication, a comprehensive review of the technical performance properties and channel communication characteristics from the perspective of the physical (PHY) and medium-access control (MAC) layer of NB-IoT, with a focus on 5G, are presented. The different limitations associated with simulating these systems are also discussed. The enabling market for NB-IoT, the benefits for a few use cases, and possible critical challenges related to their deployment are also included. Finally, present challenges and open research directions on the PHY and MAC properties, as well as the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of NB-IoT, are presented to foster the prospective research activities.

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Section: K Simulation and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Upon NB-IoT Networks: A Roadmap Towards 5G New Radio Networks

Hancke

Abu‐Mahfouz

2020

IEEE Access

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“…Nevertheless, depending on both the significant effort to provide a tractable analysis framework and the specific focus of each work, available studies still lack various features. In particular, Sun et al [16] applied a Markov chain to model retransmission number in a steady-state system with a Poisson arrival process. Instead, the authors of [17] derived the success probability under time correlated interference by considering different outage conditions.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, at the time of this writing, scientific literature only provides splintered answers to these challenging open issues. For instance, analytical models for estimating the random access success probability are presented in [16,17,18,19,20,21,22], but they either do not fit the 3GPP guidelines or overlook several aspects (see Section 2.4 for further details). In addition, to make matters worse, available simulation tools do not completely support the random access procedure evaluation [23,24] and the NB-IoT open-source simulation presented in [25] does not offer a satisfactory implementation of the procedure itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Evaluation of the NB-IoT Random Access Procedure in Monitoring Infrastructures

Martiradonna

Piro

Boggia

2019

Sensors

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NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) is emerging as a promising communication technology offering a reliable wireless connection to a large number of devices employed in pervasive monitoring scenarios, such as Smart City, Precision Agriculture, and Industry 4.0. Since most of the NB-IoT transmissions occur in the uplink, the random access channel (that is the primary interface between devices and the base station) may usually become the main bottleneck of the entire system. For this reason, analytical models and simulation tools able to investigate its behavior in different scenarios are of the utmost importance for driving current and future research activities. Unfortunately, scientific literature partially addresses the current open issues by means of simplified and, in many cases, not standard-compliant approaches. To provide a significant step forward in this direction, the contribution of this paper is three-folded. First, it presents a flexible, open-source, and 3GPP-compliant implementation of the NB-IoT random access procedure. Second, it formulates an analytical model capturing both collision and success probabilities associated with the aforementioned procedure. Third, it presents the cross-validation of both the analytical model and the simulation tool, by taking into account reference applications scenarios of sensor networks enabling periodic reporting in monitoring infrastructures. Obtained results prove the remarkable accuracy, demonstrating a well-calibrated instrument, which will be also useful for future research activities.

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“…We review some of the next. Markov chain analysis is conducted in [9,13,14,15]. In [9], the authors consider a finite-capacity queue with two traffic classes; normal and emergency.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study does not consider blocking and push out probabilities. In [14], the authors investigate the performance of haphazard access narrow-band Internet of Things. The system throughput is extensively analyzed.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Markovian Model for Internet of Things Application

Salameh¹,

Awad²,

AbuAlrub³

2019

IJCNC

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Internet of Things (IoT) allows communication among human-to-things, things-to-human, and things-tothings that are incorporated into an information networks allowing automatic information interchange and the processing of data at real time. In this paper, we conduct a performance analysis of a real application defined through four traffic classes with the priorities present in smart cities using Continuous Time Markov Chains(CTMC). Based on a finite capacity queuing system, we propose a new cost-effective analytical model with a push-out management scheme in favor of the highest priority (emergency) traffic. Based on the analytical model, several performance measures for different traffic classes have been studiedextensively including blocking probability; push out probability, delay, channel utilization as well as overall system performance.

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Throughput Modeling and Analysis of Random Access in Narrowband Internet of Things

Cited by 58 publications

References 26 publications

Building Upon NB-IoT Networks: A Roadmap Towards 5G New Radio Networks

Building Upon NB-IoT Networks: A Roadmap Towards 5G New Radio Networks

On the Evaluation of the NB-IoT Random Access Procedure in Monitoring Infrastructures

A Markovian Model for Internet of Things Application

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