Thrust Faulting and Chaos Structure, Silurian Hills, San Bernardino County, California

Kupfer, Donald Harry

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[181:tfacss]2.0.co;2

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…). As a first step towards such a model, integrating data from the southern Kingston Range (present paper), the northern and central portions of the range (Le Heron et al ., ), Sperry Wash (Busfield & Le Heron, , this volume) and the Silurian Hills (Kupfer, ; Basse, ) allows a gross depositional environment (palaeogeographic) map to be proposed for the south‐eastern Death Valley region (Fig. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this map view, the olistostrome is interpreted to be restricted to a zone south of a north‐east/south‐west oriented growth fault system: this is proven in the northern Kingston Range (Prave, ; Le Heron et al ., ) yet speculative north of the Silurian Hills (Fig. ): basement clasts and angular dolostone blocks are mapped in the Kingston Peak Formation in that area (Kupfer, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elsewhere in the Death Valley area, olistostromes with kilometre‐scale blocks occur in the central and southern Kingston Range (MacDonald et al ., ; Le Heron et al ., ; this paper). Large, angular blocks of dolostone derived from the Crystal Spring Formation are mappable in the Silurian Hills (Kupfer, ) where crystalline basement fragments are also common (Basse, ).…”

Section: Regional Geology and Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulsed iceberg delivery driven by Sturtian ice sheet dynamics: An example from Death Valley, California

Heron

Busfield

2015

Sedimentology

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The Kingston Peak Formation is a Cryogenian sedimentary succession that crops out in the Death Valley area, California, USA. It is widely accepted to record pre‐glacial conditions (KP1), followed by two glaciations of pan‐global extent, the older Sturtian (KP2 to KP3) and younger Marinoan glaciation (KP4). In the type area (the Kingston Range), detailed facies analysis of the Sturtian succession reveals that a basal diamictite unit and an upper boulder conglomerate were deposited by proglacial subaqueous sediment gravity flows. An olistostrome unit punctuating the succession is interpreted to result from tectonically induced downslope mobilization during isostatic rebound, triggered by significant ice‐meltback. Focussing on strata onlapping the olistostrome, this article provides insight into the processes of glacial re‐advance following an intra‐Sturtian glacial minimum. The first 50 m of strata above the olistostrome are thinly bedded turbidites that are devoid of lonestones. A trend towards thicker graded beds upsection, in concert with the gradual appearance and then abundance of lonestones, testifies to the influence of ice rafting and to the resumption of a direct ice sheet influence upon sedimentation. Stratigraphic organization into thickening and coarsening upward bedsets over a multi‐metre scale reveals a subaqueous gravity flow‐dominated succession composed of a spectrum of high to low density turbidites, with thick graded boulder‐conglomerates at intervals. The finer‐grained facies assemblage is heterolithic: current ripple cross‐laminated sandstones intercalated with shales that bear delicate granule to pebble‐sized dropstones in abundance. Intervals of dropstone‐bearing and dropstone‐free strata are attributable to dynamic oscillation of the ice margin in the hinterland. Integrating palaeocurrent data with observations from neighbouring outcrop belts allows a detailed palaeogeographic map of the eastern Death Valley area to be compiled for the first time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Geology and Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulsed iceberg delivery driven by Sturtian ice sheet dynamics: An example from Death Valley, California

Heron

Busfield

2015

Sedimentology

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A geologic investigation of the Halloran Hills, central Mojave Desert, California

Warnke

1968

Geol Rundsch

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Indicators of relative completeness of the glacial record of the Port Askaig Formation, Garvellach Islands, Scotland

Ali

Spencer²,

Fairchild

et al. 2018

Precambrian Research

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The Port Askaig Formation (PAF) is a diamictite-bearing succession in the Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland that provides an excellent archive of a Cryogenian glaciation in the Garvellach Islands and Islay, Argyll. The formation is ?1100 m thick, comprises 5 members and includes 47 diamictite beds, interbedded with siltstones, dolostones and sandstones. Here we document seven features of the PAF that indicate its relative stratigraphic completeness. There are gradual, progressive changes up-section in the lithologies of the diamictites, their interbeds, and clast lithologies. The sharp basal surfaces of the diamictites each show the same, repeated pattern of environmental change, from non-glacial to glacial. Many of the top surfaces of the diamictites show evidence of periglacial conditions. The succession in the PAF records a total of 76 climatically-related stratigraphic episodes: 28 glacial episodes, 25 periglacial episodes and 23 non-glacial episodes. Parts of Member 1 (Diamictites 1 to 12 and Diamictites 16 to 18) and Member 2 (Diamictite 31 to the base of Member 3) are most compete on the east coast of Garbh Eileach. The PAF in the Garvellach Islands occurs within a succession that is several kilometres thick, as newly revealed by sea-floor mapping. Compared with other Cryogenian and Phanerozoic glacial successions, the PAF is exceptional in its combination of formation thickness, the number of climatically-related stratigraphic episodes, and the considerable thickness of its host supergroup. Furthermore, these indicators of relative stratigraphic completeness provide evidence that the base of the PAF on the east coast of Garbh Eileach is a succession without a major break in deposition, supporting the account of the strata at and below the base of the PAF in the companion article by Fairchild et al. (this volume)Peer reviewe

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Thrust Faulting and Chaos Structure, Silurian Hills, San Bernardino County, California

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Pulsed iceberg delivery driven by Sturtian ice sheet dynamics: An example from Death Valley, California

Pulsed iceberg delivery driven by Sturtian ice sheet dynamics: An example from Death Valley, California

A geologic investigation of the Halloran Hills, central Mojave Desert, California

Indicators of relative completeness of the glacial record of the Port Askaig Formation, Garvellach Islands, Scotland

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