Thulium channel waveguide laser with 16  W of output power and ∼80% slope efficiency

Dalfsen, K. van; Aravazhi, S.; Grivas, C.; García-Blanco, Sonia M.; Pollnau, Markus

doi:10.1364/ol.39.004380

Cited by 101 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Tm:KLuW. In addition, an increase of the Tm doping level to >5 at.% is desirable to reach a laser quantum efficiency of >1.95 owing to an efficient CR [6]. This will increase the laser slope efficiency and allow for further power scaling, as well as provide much better conditions for the bleaching of the graphene-SA due to a much smaller size of the laser mode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of ~2 µm lasers with waveguide geometry [1][2][3][4] 4 , which leads to the excitation of two adjacent ions to the upper laser level by the absorption of a single pump photon [5]. The CR process enables a rather high slope efficiency of Tm lasers [6]. In addition, Tm lasers provide broad tuning of the laser emission at ~2 µm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly for the waveguide geometry, the concept of 'mixed' active layer host, KGd x Y y Lu z W (x + y + z = 1), has been to provide (i) optimum refractive index contrast and (ii) optimum lattice-matching with respect to the undoped substrate, usually KYW, as well as (iii) to ensure high doping levels of active ions [9][10][11]. High optical quality and low propagation loss (<0.2 dB cm −1 ) few µm-thick films of Tm:KGd x Y y Lu z W have been grown on bulk KYW substrates and continuouswave (CW) [4,6,12] and passively Q-switched (PQS) [13] laser operation has been reported to date. 2+ :ZnSe has been used as a saturable absorber (SA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser

et al. 2017

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We report on the first Tm 3+ -doped double tungstate waveguide laser passively Q-switched by a graphene saturable absorber using a 12.4 µm-thick 3 at.% Tm:KY 0.58 Gd 0.22 Lu 0.17 (WO 4 ) 2 epitaxial layer grown on a (0 1 0)-oriented pure KY(WO 4 ) 2 substrate. This laser generated 5.8 nJ/195 ns pulses at 1831.8 nm corresponding to a pulse repetition frequency of 1.13 MHz. These are the shortest pulses achieved in passively Q-switched Tm waveguide lasers. The laser slope efficiency was 9% and the Q-switching conversion efficiency reached 45%. Graphene is promising for the generation of ns pulses at ~2 µm in Tm 3+ -doped double tungstate waveguide lasers operating in the MHz-range.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser

et al. 2017

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“…Integrated on-chip amplifiers and lasers [1,2] find many applications in various fields, including telecommunications [3], datacom [4], biosensing [5,6] and LIDAR [7] amongst others. Potassium double tungstates (i.e., KY(WO 4 ) 2 , KGd(WO 4 ) 2 , in short KRE(WO 4 ) 2 ) -used for decades as active materials for high-power ultra-short pulsed lasers [8][9][10], thin-disk lasers [11,12] and Raman lasers [13][14][15] -have been recently demonstrated to deliver high gain per unit length in low-contrast waveguide amplifiers [16] and lasers [17][18][19], thanks to their high rare-earth ion solubility (together with a large interionic distance), high absorption and emission cross-sections when doped with rare-earth ions, and high achievable pump intensity in waveguide configuration. Even higher efficiency could be obtained by the fabrication of high-refractive index contrast waveguides in KY(WO 4 ) 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-depth structural analysis of swift heavy ion irradiation in KY(WO₄)₂ for the fabrication of planar optical waveguides

Frentrop¹,

Subbotin²,

Segerink³

et al. 2019

Opt. Mater. Express

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Rare-earth ion doped KY(WO 4) 2 is a well-known active laser crystal, due to its excellent gain characteristics and its relatively high nonlinear refractive index. As these properties are of great benefit to applications in integrated photonics, a study has been done into the fabrication of high refractive index contrast slab waveguides in KY(WO 4) 2 as a first step towards the fabrication of channel waveguides. When properly choosing the fluence and annealing parameters, ion irradiation with 12 MeV carbon ions produces a step-like damage profile. Confocal Raman microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy are used in this work to study the structural damage induced by ion irradiation. The characterization indicates damage to the crystal structure due to the ion irradiation that increases as a function of both depth and ion fluence till the threshold for amorphization is achieved. Successive annealing steps of the irradiated crystals at different temperatures show partial repair of the crystalline structure when the irradiation did not fully amorphize the material. When the threshold of amorphization was reached, annealing further increases the damage induced by the irradiation. By tuning the irradiation fluence, a high-refractive index contrast slab waveguide in KY(WO 4) 2 produced by ion irradiation was demonstrated.

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“…The thermomechanical [2] and spectroscopic properties [3] of these materials are superior to those found in many glass and crystalline hosts, mainly due to their strong anisotropy and high refractive index [3,4]. Channel waveguides in these materials have shown excellent performance in optical amplification [5] and lasing [6,7]. For Er 3+ -activated waveguide amplifiers and lasers operating in the telecom C-band at wavelengths near 1.5 µm [8], see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-transfer upconversion and excited-state absorption in KGd_xLu_yEr_1-x-y(WO₄)₂ waveguide amplifiers

Vázquez-Córdova¹,

Aravazhi²,

Heuer³

et al. 2019

Opt. Mater. Express

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We perform a systematic spectroscopic study in channel waveguides of potassium gadolinium lutetium double tungstate doped with different Er 3+ concentrations. Transition cross sections of ground-state absorption (GSA) and excited-state absorption (ESA), as well as stimulated emission (SE) at the pump wavelength around 980 nm are determined. ESA is directly measured by the pump-probe technique. Evaluation of GSA and ESA spectra indicates that ESA may be diminished by an appropriate choice of pump wavelength near 980 nm. Besides, GSA and SE at the signal wavelength around 1.5 µm are measured and the wavelength-dependent gain cross section as a function of excitation density is determined. Non-exponential luminescence decay curves from the 4 I 13/2 and 4 I 11/2 levels are analyzed and the probabilities of the energytransfer-upconversion (ETU) processes (4 I 13/2 , 4 I 13/2) → (4 I 15/2 , 4 I 9/2) and (4 I 11/2 , 4 I 11/2) → (4 I 15/2 , 4 F 7/2) are quantified. Despite the large interionic distance between neighboring rare-earth sites in potassium double tungstates, the probability of ETU is comparatively large because of the large cross sections of the involved transitions. A rate-equation analysis of the influence of ETU and ESA on gain at ∼1.5 µm is performed, revealing that ETU from the 4 I 13/2 amplifier level strongly limits the gain when the doping concentration increases above ∼6at.%. The calculated maximum achievable internal net gain per unit length amounts to ∼15 dB/cm for an optimized Er 3+ concentration of ∼4 × 10 20 cm −3 and a launched pump power of 300 mW at a pump wavelength of 984.5 nm, in reasonable agreement with recent experimental results.

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Thulium channel waveguide laser with 16 W of output power and ∼80% slope efficiency

Cited by 101 publications

References 29 publications

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser

In-depth structural analysis of swift heavy ion irradiation in KY(WO₄)₂ for the fabrication of planar optical waveguides

Energy-transfer upconversion and excited-state absorption in KGd_xLu_yEr_1-x-y(WO₄)₂ waveguide amplifiers

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Thulium channel waveguide laser with 16 W of output power and ∼80% slope efficiency

Cited by 101 publications

References 29 publications

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO4)2waveguide laser

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO4)2waveguide laser

In-depth structural analysis of swift heavy ion irradiation in KY(WO4)2 for the fabrication of planar optical waveguides

Energy-transfer upconversion and excited-state absorption in KGdxLuyEr1-x-y(WO4)2 waveguide amplifiers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser

In-depth structural analysis of swift heavy ion irradiation in KY(WO₄)₂ for the fabrication of planar optical waveguides

Energy-transfer upconversion and excited-state absorption in KGd_xLu_yEr_1-x-y(WO₄)₂ waveguide amplifiers