Thuringiensin: A Thermostable Secondary Metabolite from Bacillus thuringiensis with Insecticidal Activity against a  Wide Range of Insects

Liu, Xiaoyan; Ruan, Lifang; Peng, Donghai; Li, Lin; Sun, Ming; Zhou, Yu

doi:10.3390/toxins6082229

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Some Bt strains are capable of producing non-proteinaceous, thermostable and secretable secondary metabolites exhibiting non-specific toxic activity not only against a wide range of insects but also against mammals [ 97 , 98 ]. These secondary metabolites, commonly known as β-exotoxins (e.g., thuringiensin), are low molecular weight (700-Da) analogues of the nucleotide adenine.…”

Section: Other Potential Insecticidal Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity

Palma

Muñoz

Berry

et al. 2014

Toxins

628

509

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram positive, spore-forming bacterium that synthesizes parasporal crystalline inclusions containing Cry and Cyt proteins, some of which are toxic against a wide range of insect orders, nematodes and human-cancer cells. These toxins have been successfully used as bioinsecticides against caterpillars, beetles, and flies, including mosquitoes and blackflies. Bt also synthesizes insecticidal proteins during the vegetative growth phase, which are subsequently secreted into the growth medium. These proteins are commonly known as vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips) and hold insecticidal activity against lepidopteran, coleopteran and some homopteran pests. A less well characterized secretory protein with no amino acid similarity to Vip proteins has shown insecticidal activity against coleopteran pests and is termed Sip (secreted insecticidal protein). Bin-like and ETX_MTX2-family proteins (Pfam PF03318), which share amino acid similarities with mosquitocidal binary (Bin) and Mtx2 toxins, respectively, from Lysinibacillus sphaericus, are also produced by some Bt strains. In addition, vast numbers of Bt isolates naturally present in the soil and the phylloplane also synthesize crystal proteins whose biological activity is still unknown. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the known active Bt toxins to date and discuss their activities.

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Section: Other Potential Insecticidal Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity

Palma

Muñoz

Berry

et al. 2014

Toxins

628

509

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is active against several insect groups including Diptera (Liu et al. 2014 ). Second, some B. thuringiensis strains secrete, during their vegetative growth, Vip (for vegetative insecticidal proteins), which have no known activity against Diptera, and Sip (for secreted insecticidal protein), a 41-kDa protein active against coleopteran larvae.…”

Section: Bacillus Thuringiensis Sv Israelensis mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of plasmid plasticity and mobile genetic elements in the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis

Gillis

Fayad

Makart

et al. 2018

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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Bacillus thuringiensis is a well-known biopesticide that has been used for more than 80 years. This spore-forming bacterium belongs to the group of Bacillus cereus that also includes, among others, emetic and diarrheic pathotypes of B. cereus, the animal pathogen Bacillus anthracis and the psychrotolerant Bacillus weihenstephanensis. Bacillus thuringiensis is rather unique since it has adapted its lifestyle as an efficient pathogen of specific insect larvae. One of the peculiarities of B. thuringiensis strains is the extent of their extrachromosomal pool, with strains harbouring more than 10 distinct plasmid molecules. Among the numerous serovars of B. thuringiensis, ‘israelensis’ is certainly emblematic since its host spectrum is apparently restricted to dipteran insects like mosquitoes and black flies, vectors of human and animal diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, or river blindness. In this review, the putative role of the mobile gene pool of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis in its pathogenicity and dedicated lifestyle is reviewed, with specific emphasis on the nature, diversity, and potential mobility of its constituents. Variations among the few related strains of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis will also be reported and discussed in the scope of this specialised insect pathogen, whose lifestyle in the environment remains largely unknown.

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“…; Liu et al . ). However, bioassays using fly larvae ( Musca domestica ) to detect indirectly β‐exotoxins, continue being the most common and reliable methodology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Detection of β-exotoxin synthesis in Bacillus thuringiensis using an easy bioassay with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Sánchez-Soto¹,

Saavedra-González²,

Ibarra³

et al. 2015

Lett Appl Microbiol

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In this work, we implemented a qualitative and fast bioassay using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to detect the production of β-exotoxin in different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis. We show that this assay is useful to detect β-exotoxin in B. thuringiensis with high reliability, helping to discriminate strains that could not be used as bioinsecticides because of their putative risk to humans. Data show that qualitative bioassay with nematodes is a potential alternative to fly larvae bioassays, and correlated with the determination of β-exotoxin by HPLC.

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Thuringiensin: A Thermostable Secondary Metabolite from Bacillus thuringiensis with Insecticidal Activity against a Wide Range of Insects

Cited by 48 publications

References 40 publications

Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity

Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity

Role of plasmid plasticity and mobile genetic elements in the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis

Detection of β-exotoxin synthesis in Bacillus thuringiensis using an easy bioassay with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

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