Thymic and Parathyroid Origin of Calcitonin in Man

Galante, L.; Gudmundsson, T.V.; Matthews, E.W.; Tse, Amy; Williams, E. D.; Woodhouse, Nicholas; MacIntyre, I.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(68)92408-2

Cited by 78 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On the other hand, the presence of calcitonin, in plasma of thyroidectomized patients, is in keeping with the observation that the hormone is found in the thymus and parathyroid glands of man [6],…”

Section: Healthy Volunteers and Totally Tltyroidectomized Patientssupporting

confidence: 86%

Bioassay of Human Plasma Calcitonin

Mazzuoli¹,

Scarda²,

Antonozzi³

et al. 1973

Horm Res

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Biological assay of human plasma calcitonin extracted by oxycellulose procedure gives an overestimation of hormone titer due to the calcium content of extracts.However, in the range of the extract doses required for thebioassay, calcitonin-like activity due to calcium salts is not proportional to the amount of ion injected. In normal subjects, plasma calcitonin activity increased two to threefold after calcium infusion. In totally thyroidectomized patients the basal values were in the normal range, and no increase was observed after calcium infusion.

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Section: Healthy Volunteers and Totally Tltyroidectomized Patientssupporting

confidence: 86%

Bioassay of Human Plasma Calcitonin

Mazzuoli¹,

Scarda²,

Antonozzi³

et al. 1973

Horm Res

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“…The human fetal thyroid has been reported to contain a similar topographical localization of C-celis; however, both the C-cell and CT concentrations were reported to be 3 -1 0 times higher than that observed in the adult thyroid (18). In addition, CT activity has been observed in extrathyroidal tissue in man (6), such as the parathyroids and thymus, suggesting a wide dispersion of ultimobranchial tissue in the branchial pouch during embryonic development. Peng et al (13) have examined C-cell distribution in the rat thyroid using the immunoperoxidase localization method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Calcitonin Distribution within Pig, Sheep and Cow Thyroid

Pento¹

1978

Horm Res

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The distribution of calcitonin within the pig, sheep and cow thyroid was examined by measuring the concentration of the hormone in serial sagittal and transverse 5-mm sections of whole thyroids. It was observed that calcitonin in the pig thyroid was concentrated in the anterior to right lateral parts of the thyroid. Calcitonin was localized in the central region of the sheep thyroid with a relatively lower concentration in the peripheral parts of the gland. In the cow thyroid a uniform distribution of calcitonin was observed. The results of this study indicate a species specific and characteristic distribution of calcitonin within the thyroid of the pig, sheep and cow.

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“…Calcitonin is synthesized by the thymus [65] and also calcitonin receptors can be found [66]. Nuclear receptors for calcitriol are present in the medullar cells and Hassal's bodies [67].…”

Section: Effect Of Thymic Self-hormones On Non-immune Cells and Functmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunoendocrine Thymus as a Pacemaker of Lifespan

Csaba¹

2016

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica

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The thymus develops from an endocrine area of the foregut, and retains the ancient potencies of this region. However, later it is populated by bone marrow originated lymphatic elements and forms a combined organ, which is a central part of the immune system as well as an influential element of the endocrine orchestra. Thymus produces self-hormones (thymulin, thymosin, thymopentin, and thymus humoral factor), which are participating in the regulation of immune cell transformation and selection, and also synthesizes hormones similar to that of the other endocrine glands such as melatonin, neuropeptides, and insulin, which are transported by the immune cells to the sites of requests (packed transport). Thymic (epithelial and immune) cells also have receptors for hormones which regulate them. This combined organ, which is continuously changing from birth to senescence seems to be a pacemaker of life. This function is basically regulated by the selection of self-responsive thymocytes as their complete destruction helps the development (up to puberty) and their gradual release in case of weakened control (after puberty) causes the erosion of cells and intercellular material, named aging. This means that during aging, self-destructive and non-protective immune activities are manifested under the guidance of the involuting thymus, causing the continuous irritation of cells and organs. Possibly the pineal body is the main regulator of the pacemaker, the neonatal removal of which results in atrophy of thymus and wasting disease and its later corrosion causes the insufficiency of thymus. The co-involution of pineal and thymus could determine the aging and the time of death without external intervention; however, external factors can negatively influence both of them.

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Thymic and Parathyroid Origin of Calcitonin in Man

Cited by 78 publications

References 14 publications

Bioassay of Human Plasma Calcitonin

Bioassay of Human Plasma Calcitonin

Calcitonin Distribution within Pig, Sheep and Cow Thyroid

The Immunoendocrine Thymus as a Pacemaker of Lifespan

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