Thymol feed supplementation in quail alters the percentages of nutritionally relevant egg yolk fatty acids: effects throughout incubation

Fernández, María Emilia; Marín, Raúl Héctor; Luna, Agustin; Zunino, María Paula; Lábaque, María Carla

doi:10.1002/jsfa.8407

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Adult female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) taken from a population of a single 230-bird, hatched in our laboratory, were used in this study. Husbandry was performed according to laboratory routines described elsewhere [16,41]. Briefly, at 28 days of age, females were individually housed in cages measuring 20cm × 45cm × 25cm (length × width × height), allowing them to establish visual and auditory contact with each other, while permitting individual measurements of feed consumption and egg production.…”

Section: Animals and Husbandrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supplemented quail were provided 2, 4 or 6.25 g of THY per kg of feed. For this end, THY was prepared in a 2.4, 4.8 and 7.5% w/v ethanolic solution and uniformly sprayed on fresh feed [16]. The feed was prepared and administrated daily, to minimize THY volatilization from feed before its consumption by females.…”

Section: Dietary Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the concentrations of THY supplementation that have shown biological effects. For example, it was shown that THY2 reduces female quail fear responses when birds are exposed to stressful situations without affecting the bird´s locomotor activity [41]; and that THY6 enhances PUFA deposition to the detriment of SFA in yolk total fatty acids and triglycerides of the quail fertile egg [16]. In this context, THY4 is and intermediate dose between the last two.…”

Section: Dietary Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipids were subjected to alkaline saponification (1 mol/L potassium hydroxide in methanol), and the unsaponifiable matter was extracted with n-hexane. The fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were prepared by transmethylation through treatment with 1 mol/L sulfuric acid in methanol and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) [16,44]. All chemicals used in this study were reagent-grade commercial products.…”

Section: Total Fatty Acid Analysis In Egg Yolksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, dietary supplementation with thymol (THY; 2 isopropyl-5-methylphenol) or mixtures that contain THY, has been proposed as strategy to enhance poultry productivity in parameters such as growth, feed conversion, egg laying rate and egg physico-chemical quality [4][5][6][7]. Additionally, THY potential for modulating the fatty acid (FA) profile and preventing lipid peroxidation in certain tissues of a variety of species [8][9][10] has promoted research aimed at improving nutritional quality of meat [11][12][13] and egg products [14][15][16]. From a human nutritional standpoint, consuming products with higher levels of n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-3 PUFA) and lower saturated FA (SFA) is associated with a number of physiological and health-beneficial effects, such as prevention of some chronic diseases [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of thymol dietary supplementation in quail (Coturnix japonica): Linking bioavailability, effects on egg yolk total fatty acids and performance traits

et al. 2019

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Phytogenic additives such as thymol are encountering growing interest in the poultry industry. However, there are still questions concerning dynamics of their bioavailability, biological action, optimal dosage and duration of supplementation needed to achieve meaningful effects, as well as persistence of induced changes after supplement withdrawal. We studied the link between the dynamics of free thymol concentration and the changes in fatty acids composition in quail egg yolk, both during a month-long chronic dietary supplementation and after 3 weeks of supplement withdrawal (post-supplementation). Fifty, 85 days-old, female quail of homogeneous body weights (251±1g) in egg-laying peak were used. To evaluate potential dose-dependent effects, three increasing doses 2, 4, and 6.25 g of thymol/kg of feed (THY2, THY4 and THY6, respectively) and two controls were evaluated (n = 10). In parallel, we assessed the concomitant changes in free thymol excretion, potential liver histopathological changes, and birds´ performance traits. Egg yolk and droppings show a dose-dependent increase in THY concentration after 9 days of supplementation and a decrease after post-supplementation. In egg yolk, these changes were accompanied by reduced saturated fatty acid concentrations achieved by 28 days of supplementation in THY2 and 14 days of supplementation in THY4 and THY6. However, after post-supplementation the aforementioned effect disappeared in THY2 but not in THY4 and THY6. While THY2 failed to increase polyunsaturated fatty acids, THY4 and THY6 increased polyunsaturated fatty acids by day 14 of supplementation and remained increased after post-supplementation. Fatty acids changes induced by thymol are consistent with improved nutritional quality of eggs. No treatment effects were observed in liver histopathology and female performance. Findings suggest that both dose of thymol and duration of supplementation modulate thymol and fatty acids concentrations in egg yolk and thymol concentration in droppings. Furthermore, the persistence of those effects after post-supplementation period is also a dose-dependent phenomenon.

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Section: Animals and Husbandrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dietary Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dietary Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Total Fatty Acid Analysis In Egg Yolksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of thymol dietary supplementation in quail (Coturnix japonica): Linking bioavailability, effects on egg yolk total fatty acids and performance traits

et al. 2019

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Thymol bioactivity: A review focusing on practical applications

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Romanelli

et al. 2020

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

205

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Dynamics of thymol dietary supplementation in quail (Coturnix japonica): Dataset on thymol bioavailability, egg yolk fatty acids profile and performance traits

et al. 2019

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Dietary supplementation with thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) has been proposed as a strategy to improve modern intensive poultry production. Moreover, its antioxidant properties and potential beneficial influence on lipid metabolism have fostered current research focusing on enhancing nutritional quality of meat and egg products. In general, studies have focused on the overall effects of dietary supplementation once the supplementation protocol has finished and using only one potential dose, without actually measuring bioactive compounds' concentration in the diet supplied or target tissues. Herein, we provide a unique dataset of the dynamics of thymol bioavailability and biological action, optimal dosage and duration of supplementation needed to achieve meaningful effects, as well as persistence of induced changes after chronic supplement withdrawal. Specifically, during a month-long supplementation period, 5 sampling points were evaluated separated by at least 1 week. Then, a last sampling point was studied after a 3-week withdrawal period. Three increasing doses of dietary thymol were used, and approximately 80 variables assessed. The measured variables were associated with free thymol concentration in feed, egg yolk and droppings, feed and egg yolk fatty acids profile (saturated, unsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids), performance traits (body weight, feed intake, egg laying rate, egg physical characteristics), general welfare quality assessment (plumage state) and liver histopathology. The data can provide insights on the link between the dynamics of free thymol concentration and the changes in fatty acids profile in quail egg yolk, both during chronic thymol dietary supplementation and after supplement withdrawal. The comprehensive approach used herein for studying thymol supplementation outcome could help understanding the scope of its effects on a whole organism level.

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Thymol feed supplementation in quail alters the percentages of nutritionally relevant egg yolk fatty acids: effects throughout incubation

Abstract: Thymol would provide the embryo with PUFA for synthesis/deposition in membranes and/or assign to supply energy. Additionally, thymol supplementation would be advisable for the production of healthier table eggs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Dynamics of thymol dietary supplementation in quail (Coturnix japonica): Linking bioavailability, effects on egg yolk total fatty acids and performance traits

Dynamics of thymol dietary supplementation in quail (Coturnix japonica): Linking bioavailability, effects on egg yolk total fatty acids and performance traits

Thymol bioactivity: A review focusing on practical applications

Dynamics of thymol dietary supplementation in quail (Coturnix japonica): Dataset on thymol bioavailability, egg yolk fatty acids profile and performance traits

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