Thymol nanospheres as an effective anti-bacterial agent

Wattanasatcha, Anna; Rengpipat, Sirirat; Wanichwecharungruang, Supason

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.017

Cited by 178 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…MIC values of thymol reported in other studies were more than 500 μg/ml for P. aeruginosa strains (Cosentino et al 1999;Walsh et al 2003). In contrast, Lambert et al (2001), Zarrini et al (2010) and Wattanasatcha et al (2012) demonstrated MIC values of thymol in the range of 380-400 μg/ml for P. aeruginosa strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Lower MIC values of 50-250 μg/ml were reported by Didry et al (1993) and Giweli et al (2012) for both substances. For S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains, MIC values of thymol in the concentration range of 100-580 μg/ml were reported (Janseen et al 1986;Cosentino et al 1999;Trombetta et al 2005;Cristani et al 2007;Zarrini et al 2010;Guarda et al 2011;Rua et al 2011;Solorzano-Santos and Miranda-Novales 2012;Wattanasatcha et al 2012). MIC values of carvacrol for S. aureus strains in the ranges of 125-450 μg/ml (Solorzano-Santos and Miranda-Novales 2012), 250-1000 μg/ml (Janseen et al 1986), 1250 μg/ml (Cristani et al 2007) and 1700-1800 μg/ml (Veldhuizen et al 2006) have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of natural substances for boar semen decontamination

Mazurová¹,

Kukla²,

Rozkot³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and toxicity for sperm cells of the natural substances gallic acid, methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, propyl gallate, octyl gallate, thymol, carvacrol and eugenol. The antibacterial activity of these natural substances and selected combinations of them against bacterial strains isolated from boar ejaculates was determined using the microdilution and macrodilution method in Mueller-Hinton broth. The most effective natural substances against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria included in our study were thymol and carvacrol with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 300-600 µg/ml. Gallic acid exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (MIC values of 300-2400 µg/ml), whereas the ranges of MIC values against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus sp. strains were higher. Octyl gallate exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against staphylococci and enterococci (MIC values of 18.8-75 µg/ml) than against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with MIC values in the ranges of 300-600 µg/ml and 1200-2400 µg/ml, respectively. Thymol combined with carvacrol was the most effective combination against enterococci (MIC values of 75-300 : 150 thymol : carvacrol) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC values of 75-300 : 300 thymol : carvacrol), bacteria which are known to be frequently resistant to antimicrobials. Similar results were determined for the combination of carvacrol and eugenol against staphylococci and enterococci. The results of the combinations revealed more of an additive rather than a synergistic effect. Thymol and carvacrol were the most effective natural substances against the bacteria included in this study, with a low toxicity for sperm cells compared to other substances, suggesting their possible use for boar semen decontamination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of natural substances for boar semen decontamination

Mazurová¹,

Kukla²,

Rozkot³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…Both carvacol and thymol are commonly used as germicides and antiseptics in oral disinfectants and anesthetics as well as in cosmetics (Botelho et al, 2007). However, both compounds show bactericidal activities against other pathogenic bacteria (Nostro et al, 2012;Wattanasatcha et al, 2012). S. annua was found to contain alkaloid (1.25%) and saponin (1.30%), where the saponin at extract concentration of 5 mg/kg resulted in maintaining normal bloodglucose levels when orally administered to diabetic mice.…”

Section: Salsola Annuamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical composition of some common coastal halophytes of the United Arab Emirates

Cybulska

Brudecki

Alassali

et al. 2014

Emir. J. Food Agric

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Halophyte species of United Arab Emirates are a source of unique active phytochemicals, potentially due to the extreme environmental conditions under which the plants grow in the UAE. These phytochemicals make the native halophytes possibly interesting crops for biorefining, where biofuel production is combined with the production of value added chemicals, improving the economic feasibility of both process. Phytochemicals found in these species are widely recognized and researched as potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. We reviewed the literature for secondary metabolites from species from the following halophyte families: Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae (incl. Chenopodiaceae), Avicenniaceae, Zygophyllaceae. The review revealed that plant species belonging to these families contain valuable phytochemicals, such as fatty acids, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins, quinones and coumarins, many of which have been reported to have therapeutic effects in humans.

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“…The attempts to apply nanotechnology in encapsulation of essential oils have been done [61,62]. Wattanasatcha et al [63] made the first assessment of antimicrobial efficacy of free thymol and thymol loaded in nanoparticles. Their comparative study comprised free thymol, encapsulated thymol (ethylcllulose/methylcellulose coating) and methylparaben in cosmetic formulations i.e.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Essential Oils As Preservatives In Cosmetic Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of essential oils as natural cosmetic preservatives

Dreger

Wielgus

2013

Herba Polonica

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S u m m a r yNowadays, safety of chemical preservatives has been questioned by a big number of consumers. Traditionally used preservatives often cause skin irritation and lead to allergenic reactions. Growing demands for more natural and preservative-free cosmetics promoted an idea of the replacement of synthetic preservatives with essential oils (EOs) of antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial effect of essential oil depends on content, concentration and interactions between the main active compounds. Effective preservatives should be characterized by a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity at a minimum concentration. Formulations containing both types of preservatives: essential oil and a synthetic one have been tested and proposed as a compromise that allows for reducing concentration of both components due to their synergistic activity. Although most essential oils are regarded as safe, some of them may cause risk of contact allergy or phototoxic reaction. A well balanced risk-benefit assessment of essential oils is one of the great challenges for scientists or health policy authorities. This paper presents current state of knowledge on essential oils focused on their antimicrobial properties, the assessment of their efficacy and safety as cosmetic preservatives.

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Thymol nanospheres as an effective anti-bacterial agent

Cited by 178 publications

References 28 publications

Use of natural substances for boar semen decontamination

Use of natural substances for boar semen decontamination

Phytochemical composition of some common coastal halophytes of the United Arab Emirates

Application of essential oils as natural cosmetic preservatives

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