Thyroid Activity in Cigarette Smokers

Sepkovic, Daniel W.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1984.00350150089027

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Most recent studies have shown higher thyroid hormones and lower thyroid stimulating hormone levels in smokers [13][14][15] while others have reported elevated TSH and lower thyroid hormones 16 which differ from our findings. A study by Sepkovic et al (1984) did not show any changes in TSH and free T3 and which agrees with our findings …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Thyroid function determinants, calcium, phosphate and vitamin D in adult male smokers in Calabar, Nigeria

Bassey¹,

Akpan²,

Elijah³

et al. 2018

J Med Allied Sci

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Thyroid function determinants, calcium, phosphate and vitamin D in adult male smokers in Calabar, Nigeria

Bassey¹,

Akpan²,

Elijah³

et al. 2018

J Med Allied Sci

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“…Other studies, also from iodinesufficient areas, have failed to detect an association between smoking and hypothyroidism (Bartalena et al 1989, Ericsson & Lindgarde 1991, Prummel & Wiersinga 1993. However, lower levels of TSH among smokers have generally been reported in most studies (Melander et al 1981, Eden et al 1984, Hegedus et al 1985, Ericsson & Lindgarde 1991, Petersen et al 1991, Fisher et al 1997, and only one study found the reverse association (Sepkovic et al 1984). Though an iodine dependency of the association between smoking and hypothyroidism is imaginable, no clear picture of this is seen from the available literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

High occurrence of thyroid multinodularity and low occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism among tobacco smokers in a large population study

Knudsen¹,

Bülow²,

Laurberg³

et al. 2002

Journal of Endocrinology

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Tobacco smoking increases the risk of goitre and Graves' disease, but the association with thyroid nodularity and hypothyroidism has not been settled. We investigated 4649 subjects from the general population with questionnaires, thyroid ultrasonography and blood tests. The results were analysed in multivariate regression models. Tobacco smoking was associated with an increased prevalence of thyroid multinodularity (odds ratio (OR) 1·9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·4-2·5), but not with increased prevalence of solitary thyroid nodules. The tendency was for a stronger association in the area with the most pronounced iodine deficiency (P for interaction=0·08).Lower levels of serum TSH were found among tobacco smokers (P<0·001), but this association disappeared when adjustment was made for thyroid nodularity and thyroid volume. The prevalence of elevated TSH levels was markedly reduced among smokers (OR 0·47; 95% CI 0·33-0·67). No association was found between smoking and hyperthyroidism. The observed associations seem to be explainable by the blocking of iodine uptake and organification in the thyroid by thiocyanate, a degradation product of cyanide in tobacco smoke.

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“…These include minor and probably physiologically unimportant alterations in thyroid hormones [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and thyrotropin concentrations [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] , central (thyroid) and peripheral antithyroid action 11,12 , thyroid gland stimulating or goitrogenic action 1,2,4,13 , carcinogenesis lowering properties [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and also actions that increase susceptibility to Graves' disease 24,25 and especially the incidence and clinical severity of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy 26 . Finally, it seems that parental smoking may have deleterious effects on fetal thyroid secretion and on thyroid function of some of these infants at one year of age 27,28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid function, goiter formation and autoimmune thyroid disorders

Pontikides¹,

Krassas²

2002

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Both smoking and thyroid dysfunction are frequent in the general population. Many studies have shown that cigarette smoking interferes with thyroid function and with the evolution of thyroid pathology (e.g. goiter formation and thyroid cancer development). Some studies have also suggested a significant correlation of Graves' hyperthyroidism and Graves' ophthalmopathy with the severity of smoking. In addition, cigarette smoking may reduce the effectiveness of some therapeutic modalities, such as orbital radiotherapy or high-dose systemic glucocorticoid administration for severe thyroid eye disease. Tobacco smoking seems to induce similar changes in thyroid function in the adult and the fetus. This review article discusses the effect of cigarette smoking on thyroid function and morphology as well as on thyroid autoimmunity.

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Thyroid Activity in Cigarette Smokers

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Thyroid function determinants, calcium, phosphate and vitamin D in adult male smokers in Calabar, Nigeria

Thyroid function determinants, calcium, phosphate and vitamin D in adult male smokers in Calabar, Nigeria

High occurrence of thyroid multinodularity and low occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism among tobacco smokers in a large population study

Influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid function, goiter formation and autoimmune thyroid disorders

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