Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends in the United States: 2000–2018

Megwalu, Uchechukwu C.; Moon, Peter K.

doi:10.1089/thy.2021.0662

Cited by 167 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Similar to previous studies, the female incidence rate was still much higher than male, Whites and APIs incidence rate was the highest and Blacks were the lowest [ 5 ]. Similar to recent reports [ 28 ], we observed the highest incidence of TC was in the 60–74 age group. The incidence trends were divided into three segments during the study period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Thyroid cancer incidence trend and association with obesity, physical activity in the United States

2022

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Background State-level racial/ethnic and age differences and the temporal trend of thyroid cancer (TC) incidence in the USA remain unknown. Our research purposes include: Characterizing state-level temporal variation in TC incidence; examining the disparities of TC incidence by state-level race/ethnicity and age; performing an ecological correlation between TC incidence and obesity/physical activity. Methods TC incidence data during 2000–2017 were extracted from the United States cancer statistics. Using joinpoint regression to evaluate TC incidence trends. Annual percent change (APC), average APC (AAPC) and incidence rates were calculated. The obesity prevalence and physical activity level at the state-level were extracted from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and the association between state-level AAPC of TC and obesity/physical activity was tested by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results We found that the TC incidence had shown an overall downward trend in recent years, but 10 states continued increasing. There were significant differences in state-level race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Whites as a reference) and age group (45–59 age group as a reference) incidence: Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) was 0.4–1.2 for non-Hispanic Blacks, 0.7–1.6 for non-Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islanders, 0.4–1.2 for non-Hispanic American Indians/Alaskan Natives, and 0.5–1.3 for Hispanics. High IRR in young people were distributed in northern USA, while in older people were distributed in south. The state-level obesity/physical activity level and AAPC had a weak correlation (r = 0.34, P = 0.016) and inverse weak correlation (r = -0.29, P = 0.037), respectively. The AAPC of states with a consistent increasing trend had an extremely strong correlation with obesity prevalence (r = 0.80, p = 0.006), and an inverse strong correlation with physical activity level (r = -0.65, P = 0.04). Conclusions Thyroid cancer incidence in 10 states continued increasing. State-level variation in race/ethnicity and age group incidence were found. Lifestyle and environmental factors may interfere with the incidence trend of TC in the USA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Thyroid cancer incidence trend and association with obesity, physical activity in the United States

2022

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“…The extremely good prognosis of DTC and an increased awareness of the risks of treatments possibly resulting in life-long quality of life (QoL) impairment, has promoted a wide revision of diagnostic and management strategies [ 2 ]. This management shift is reflected in the recently observed decrease in indolent tumors (PTC ≤ 1.0 cm and localized disease) incidence in the United States (14.5 vs. 13.48 per 100,000 person-years in 2014 and 2018, respectively) [ 5 ] with a stable rate of loco-regional and advanced DTC [ 5 ]. In Europe, a similar trend emerged from the French registries, where a decrease in microcarcinomas and a slight, but constant, increase in larger DTC (>40 mm) diagnoses were observed [ 6 ].…”

Section: Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Mortality and Recurrence Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Radioiodine Treatment: What’s New

Sparano

Moog

Hadoux

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Radioiodine treatment (RAI) represents the most widespread and effective therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). RAI goals encompass ablative (destruction of thyroid remnants, to enhance thyroglobulin predictive value), adjuvant (destruction of microscopic disease to reduce recurrences), and therapeutic (in case of macroscopic iodine avid lesions) purposes, but its use has evolved over time. Randomized trial results have enabled the refinement of RAI indications, moving from a standardized practice to a tailored approach. In most cases, low-risk patients may safely avoid RAI, but where necessary, a simplified protocol, based on lower iodine activities and human recombinant TSH preparation, proved to be just as effective, reducing overtreatment or useless impairment of quality of life. In pediatric DTC, RAI treatments may allow tumor healing even at the advanced stages. Finally, new challenges have arisen with the advancement in redifferentiation protocols, through which RAI still represents a leading therapy, even in former iodine refractory cases. RAI therapy is usually well-tolerated at low activities rates, but some concerns exist concerning higher cumulative doses and long-term outcomes. Despite these achievements, several issues still need to be addressed in terms of RAI indications and protocols, heading toward the RAI strategy of the future.

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“…Differentiated thyroid cancer has an excellent prognosis with a high long-term survival rate [ 21 , 22 ]. However, despite the favorable long-term prognosis, there have been concerns regarding HRQoL in thyroid cancer survivors arising from their unique treatment modalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Life of Survivors of Thyroid Cancer Is Not Inferior to That in Subjects without Cancer: Long-Term after Over 5 Years

Lee

Lim

et al. 2022

Endocrinol Metab

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Background: Patients with thyroid cancer undergo less extensive surgery and additional therapies compared to those with other cancers. We aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) between patients with thyroid cancer and healthy subjects using representative data from Korea. Differences in QoL of thyroid cancer survivors according to the duration after cancer diagnosis was also evaluated.Methods: This population-based cohort study included 50,278 subjects who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007 and 2017. QoL was compared between patients with thyroid cancer and healthy subjects using self-reported data from the EuroQoL (EQ)-5 dimension (5D) and EQ-visual analog scale (VAS). Propensity score matching was used to match thyroid cancer survivors to healthy subjects (1:5 matching).Results: Linear regression with univariate analysis showed that the presence of thyroid cancer was positively correlated with better EQ-5D index scores (β-coefficient=0.010, <i>p</i>=0.046). After adjusting for multiple covariables, statistical significance was maintained. EQ-VAS fails to demonstrate any significant correlation. Among the EQ-5D categories, patients with thyroid cancer showed better self-care than healthy subjects. Thyroid cancer duration did not correlate with the EQ-5D index score. In subgroup analyses, compared to patients with thyroid cancer duration of <5 years, no significant difference was observed in the correlation between the EQ-5D index score and survival duration in those with thyroid cancer duration of 5 to 9 years and ≥10 years.Conclusion: Using a large-scale nationwide population-based database, our study demonstrated better QoL, especially in terms of self-care, among thyroid cancer survivors than among healthy subjects without cancer.

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Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends in the United States: 2000–2018

Cited by 167 publications

References 18 publications

Thyroid cancer incidence trend and association with obesity, physical activity in the United States

Thyroid cancer incidence trend and association with obesity, physical activity in the United States

Strategies for Radioiodine Treatment: What’s New

Quality of Life of Survivors of Thyroid Cancer Is Not Inferior to That in Subjects without Cancer: Long-Term after Over 5 Years

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