Thyroid carcinoma at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa

Mulaudzi, Thanyani Victor; Ramdial, Pratistadevi K.; Madiba, T. E.; Callaghan, R A

doi:10.4314/eamj.v78i5.9046

Cited by 29 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, very little is known about the oxidant/antioxidant balance in thyroid cancer (Sadani, ISSN: 2198-4093 www.bmrat.org 1996). Papillary thyroid cancer comprises of 57-89% of all thyroid malignancies as reported by previous reports from this region (Abdulmughni et al, 2004;Mulaudzi et al, 2001). In this region of the world, the ratio of female to male is 2.5 to 4:1, and is comparable to international findings.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Comparison of DNA Damage and Homocysteine Content in Blood of Thyroid Carcinoma Patients and Control Subjects in Punjab, Pakistan

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Thyroid cancers are common endocrine tumors with diverse medical and histological structures. During development/progression from normal to neoplastic cell, there is a gradual increase in the function/activity of proto-oncogenes, transcription factors and metastasis elements. The main objective of this study is to evaluate per-oxidation of lipid content, total oxidative stress, and the profile of homocysteine (and DNA damage) in the erythrocytes of thyroid carcinoma patients as compared with those of control subjects. Methods: All risk variables and biochemical analyses were quantitatively determined using standard methods. Results: A noteworthy increase in malondialdehyde, globulin, and DNA damage in thyroid carcinoma patients were repeatedly observed. In contrast, healthy individuals showed an increased level of HDL-C and total anti-oxidant response. Conclusion: It is suggested that these parameters have a pivotal role in the diagnostic process of determining thyroid carcinoma patients. Oxidized products of macromolecules in the blood of such patients impart major function in causing thyroid carcinoma disease.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Comparison of DNA Damage and Homocysteine Content in Blood of Thyroid Carcinoma Patients and Control Subjects in Punjab, Pakistan

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is similar to previous studies in Ghana [8] and Nigeria [9]. The current rank of MTC however differs from other studies in Africa that found it to be the fourth common type of thyroid malignancy [10,11]. The relative proportion of MTC in this current study was 10.0%.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…The relative proportion of MTC among thyroid malignancies varies across Africa [8][9][10][11] and globally [12][13][14]. For instance Sippel et al, in their study found that MTC accounts for approximately 10.0% of all thyroid malignancies [12], while Well et al, found 1-2% [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Pathological and clinical findings in a series of 22 cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroidat the korle-bu teaching hospital (1994-2013)

Der¹

2017

Pathol Discov

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is paucity of published data on medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) as a single entity in Ghana and Africa as a whole despite its first description six decades ago. The aim of this study was to determine the proportions of thyroid malignancies diagnosed in the department of pathology of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) between 1994-2013 that were MTCs and the clinicopathological characteristics by a retrospective histopathological study. Material and methods:This was a retrospective study in KBTH from 1994 to 2013. Results: During the period under review, MTC was found to be the third common thyroid malignancy, accounting for 10.0% of all the cases. The mean age of patient was 38.4 years (SD±16.0) with half (50.0%) being younger than 40 years of age. The male to female ratio was 1:1. The modal age of the males was 40 -49 years (27.3%), but that for the females was 20-29 years (36.4%). Anterior neck swelling was the commonest presentation of MTCs (95.5%), particularly diffuse gland involvement (45.5%). Males with MTC presented relatively early within two years (50.0%), compared to females who commonly presented after 5 years (37.5%) with the disease. AMTCs were commonly diagnosed in lobectomy specimens (44.4%). Two of the females had neck dissection (18.2%). Extra-glandular spread at diagnosis was found in lymph nodes (22.7%), lymphovascular space (13.6%) and neck muscles (13.6%). Conclusion: Medullary thyroid cancer was found to be the third common thyroid malignancy at KBTH with no significant sex differences in the clinical presentation. Patients commonly presented with large anterior neck swelling of variable duration. Approximately 59.1% of the patients had organ confirmed disease at diagnosis.

show abstract

“…Whereas papillary cancers tend to be the commonest in developed countries, follicular cancers are the commonest in sub‐Saharan Africa where iodine deficiency is endemic 44 . In Durban, South Africa, follicular carcinoma is commonest in blacks, but papillary cancer is the commonest in the Indian population, not subject to iodine deficiency 40 . A country such as Papua New Guinea (Melanesians) with both iodine‐replete and iodine‐deficient areas has a similar number of papillary and follicular carcinomas 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… †One nerve deliberately cut because involved by tumour. Rates were calculated from those series that included the outcome measure eg: Burundi figures not used for haematoma rates (12/677 = 1.8%). 2 papers in Table 1 also reported outcomes but with high mortality and morbidity rates 37,40 . Their rates have not been included in the Table 2 because their results were markedly worse than the 7 sources of data above that they are not comparable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Surgery in the Tropics

Watters

Wall

2007

ANZ Journal of Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the tropics thyroid surgery is carried out either by general surgeons or ear, nose and throat surgeons and there are few places with a subspecialist endocrine or head and neck surgeon. The aim of this review is to determine the pattern of thyroid pathology, surgery and surgical outcomes in the tropics. A review of thyroid surgery in tropical regions was carried out based on published articles in English in Medline (1965-2004). The findings are also discussed in the light of the authors' own experience of thyroid disease and thyroid surgery in four continents. The pattern of thyroid pathology varies in the tropics, particularly in regions where endemic goitre is common. Endemic goitre usually regresses with iodine therapy. There is a rising incidence of thyroid autoimmune disease, particularly Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, probably related to an environmental immunological stimulus associated with development. Surgery is indicated for the same reasons as in the developed countries: thyrotoxicosis (more often in the absence of radioactive iodine therapy), solitary thyroid nodule and multinodular or malignant goitre. However, a preoperative cytological diagnosis will only be available in important centres where there is a pathologist. Malignancy appears more prevalent in nodules and goitres in the tropics than in the developed countries, perhaps because patients with malignancy are more likely to be referred to a surgeon. Nonetheless, the evidence suggests that thyroid surgery can be carried out safely with a minimum of complications even in remote mission hospitals with limited facilities for investigation. Standards can be set in terms of surgical outcomes; for example, mortality (0%), permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury (<2%), re-exploration for haematoma(<2%), permanent hypocalcaemia (<5%) and wound infection (2.5%). The choice of operation depends on the local pathology and the likelihood of being able to obtain lifelong thyroxine. Total thyroidectomy should be avoided whenever possible if thyroxine supplies are unreliable. Advanced thyroid cancer presents a therapeutic challenge and some cases will be unresectable. The management options are limited by the resources available. Similar surgical outcomes should be able to be achieved no matter where the surgery is carried out.

show abstract

Thyroid carcinoma at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of DNA Damage and Homocysteine Content in Blood of Thyroid Carcinoma Patients and Control Subjects in Punjab, Pakistan

Comparison of DNA Damage and Homocysteine Content in Blood of Thyroid Carcinoma Patients and Control Subjects in Punjab, Pakistan

Pathological and clinical findings in a series of 22 cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroidat the korle-bu teaching hospital (1994-2013)

Thyroid Surgery in the Tropics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About