Thyroid dysfunction and its role as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: What’s new

Mandato, Claudia; D’Acunzo, Ida; Vajro, Pietro

doi:10.1016/j.dld.2018.08.026

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Liver is one of the major target tissues of TH, and people with low thyroid function are closely associated with multiple liver-related diseases. The cross-sectional and systemic view studies indicated that subclinical hypothyroidism, and even in the upper normal limit of TSH levels were significantly associated with the risk of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis [166][167][168][169]. Interestingly, high level of TSH itself may be an important risk factor points to the pathogenesis of NAFLD, independent of thyroid hormones [168,169], and the supplementation of levothyroxine shows clear benefits on NAFLD in subclinical-and mild subclinical-hypothyroidism patients with dyslipidemia [170].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cross-sectional and systemic view studies indicated that subclinical hypothyroidism, and even in the upper normal limit of TSH levels were significantly associated with the risk of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis [166][167][168][169]. Interestingly, high level of TSH itself may be an important risk factor points to the pathogenesis of NAFLD, independent of thyroid hormones [168,169], and the supplementation of levothyroxine shows clear benefits on NAFLD in subclinical-and mild subclinical-hypothyroidism patients with dyslipidemia [170]. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated THs and THs analogs exhibit the potential therapeutic and preventive application in NAFLD and HCC [7,16,17,142,[145][146][147][148][149], highlighting the urgent need to understand the complex mechanisms underlying the effects of thyroid hormone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases

Chi

Tsai

et al. 2019

J Biomed Sci

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The liver is controlled by several metabolic hormones, including thyroid hormone, and characteristically displays high lysosomal activity as well as metabolic stress-triggered autophagy, which is stringently regulated by the levels of hormones and metabolites. Hepatic autophagy provides energy through catabolism of glucose, amino acids and free fatty acids for starved cells, facilitating the generation of new macromolecules and maintenance of the quantity and quality of cellular organelles, such as mitochondria. Dysregulation of autophagy and defective mitochondrial homeostasis contribute to hepatocyte injury and liver-related diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cancer. Thyroid hormones (TH) mediate several critical physiological processes including organ development, cell differentiation, metabolism and cell growth and maintenance. Accumulating evidence has revealed dysregulation of cellular TH activity as the underlying cause of several liver-related diseases, including alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver cancer. Data from epidemiologic, animal and clinical studies collectively support preventive functions of THs in liver-related diseases, highlighting the therapeutic potential of TH analogs. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms and downstream targets of TH should thus facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for a number of major public health issues. Here, we have reviewed recent studies focusing on the involvement of THs in hepatic homeostasis through induction of autophagy and their implications in liver-related diseases. Additionally, the potential underlying molecular pathways and therapeutic applications of THs in NAFLD and HCC are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases

Chi

Tsai

et al. 2019

J Biomed Sci

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“…Leptin is elevated in hypothyroid patients and is also elevated in NAFLD patients. Leptin can promote hepatic insulin resistance and play a role in hepatic fibrogenesis [7].…”

Section: Hypothyroidism Induced Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and thyroid hormones may have close correlations, as research in the last ten years showed that disruptions of cellular TH signaling, trigger chronic hepatic disease, including non- alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This disruption results in decreased hepatic lipid utilization and secondary lipid accumulation [3,5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hypothyroidism: What You Need to Know

Bikeyeva¹,

Abdullah²,

Radivojevic³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease globally, perhaps because of the drastic increase in prevalence around the world during the last 20 years and continues growing. The disease starts from simple steatosis (NAFL) that can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and, in some patients, progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of NAFLD are complex and involve different factors (genetic, metabolic, endocrinopathies, and others). One of the concerns that appeared in recent years is hypothyroidisminduced NAFLD. The pathogenesis is compound and not well understood, and an association between hypothyroidism and NAFLD remains controversial because of insufficient studies that can confirm it. More research is needed to determine the association between hypothyroidism and NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss a more in-depth analysis of the physiology of thyroid hormones (TH) as well as the pathophysiology of hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD and, based on the recent metaanalyses, the association of thyroid hormones and NAFLD.

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“…Levothyroxine supplementation has clear benefits for NAFLD. A correlation between NAFLD and thyroid autoantibodies positivity in patients with normal TSH warrants consideration as well [41]. From this evidence it seems important to measure aminotransferase activity in each patient with hypothyroidism, and vice versa.…”

Section: Endocrine Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Fatty Liver and Obesity: Not Always Just a Matter of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2018

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Obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common cause of pediatric liver disease due to overweight/obesity large-scale epidemics. In clinical practice, diagnosis is usually based on clinical features, blood tests, and liver imaging. Here, we underline the need to make a correct differential diagnosis for a number of genetic, metabolic, gastrointestinal, nutritional, endocrine, muscular, and systemic disorders, and for iatrogenic/viral/autoimmune hepatitis as well. This is all the more important for patients who are not in the NAFLD classical age range and for those for whom a satisfactory response of liver test abnormalities to weight loss after dietary counseling and physical activity measures cannot be obtained or verified due to poor compliance. A correct diagnosis may be life-saving, as some of these conditions which appear similar to NAFLD have a specific therapy. In this study, the characteristics of the main conditions which require consideration are summarized, and a practical diagnostic algorithm is discussed.

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Thyroid dysfunction and its role as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: What’s new

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases

Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hypothyroidism: What You Need to Know

Pediatric Fatty Liver and Obesity: Not Always Just a Matter of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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