Thyroid dysfunction in Down syndrome: A review

Coleman, Mary

doi:10.3104/reviews.40

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Approximately 35-40% of adults with DS are reported to have abnormal thyroid function, although only 7-8% had active hypothyroidism (Dinani & Carpenter, 1990; Prasher, 1994a; Prasher, 1994b). Also comparable to seizure findings, the rate of thyroid disease in adults with DS is greater than that found in the general population (Coleman, 1994). …”

Section: Thyroid Dysfunctionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Health Conditions Associated with Aging and End of Life of Adults with Down Syndrome

Esbensen

2010

International Review of Research in Mental Retardation

151

113

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Expectations for the life course of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have changed, with life expectancy estimates increasing from 12 in 1949 to nearly 60 years of age today (Bittles & Glasson, 2004;Penrose, 1949). Along with this longer life expectancy comes a larger population of adults with DS who display premature age-related changes in their health. There is thus a need to provide specialized health care to this aging population of adults with DS who are at high risk for some conditions and at lower risk for others. This review focuses on the rates and contributing factors to medical conditions that are common in adults with DS or that show changes with age. The review of medical conditions includes the increased risk for skin and hair changes, early onset menopause, visual and hearing impairments, adult onset seizure disorder, thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, obesity, sleep apnea and musculoskeletal problems. The different pattern of conditions associated with the mortality of adults with DS is also reviewed. KeywordsDown syndrome; physical health; aging; mortality A highly significant change in the survival of people with Down syndrome (DS) has occurred during the last two generations. In the 1940s, the average life expectancy for individuals with DS was 12 years (Penrose, 1949). With medical breakthroughs and improvements in services, individuals with DS now enjoy life expectancies into their 60s (Bittles & Glasson, 2004). As a result, we are now witness to the first generation of individuals with DS who have benefited from a revolution during their lifetime of better knowledge, health care, advocacy and services (Yang, Rasmussen & Friedman, 2002). Along with this longer life expectancy comes a larger population of adults with DS who display premature age-related changes in their health. There is thus a need to provide specialized health care to this aging population of adults with DS who are at high risk for some conditions and at lower risk for others. Adults with DS are at age-related increased risk for dementia, skin and hair changes, early onset menopause, visual and hearing impairments, adult onset seizure disorder, thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, obesity, sleep apnea and musculoskeletal problems. Along with these increased risks for some conditions comes a different pattern of conditions associated with the mortality of adults with DS. This review focuses on the rates and contributing factors to medical conditions that are common in adults with DS or that show changes with age. Skin and hair changesAdults with DS experience a number of dermatological and autoimmune symptoms characteristic of accelerated aging, including premature graying of the hair, hair loss and wrinkling of the skin (Lott, 1982). Significant differences in the skin and chronological age of the individual have been found in post-mortem examinations of the skin of adults with DS NIH Public Access

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Section: Thyroid Dysfunctionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Health Conditions Associated with Aging and End of Life of Adults with Down Syndrome

Esbensen

2010

International Review of Research in Mental Retardation

151

113

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“…Medical conditions can have both direct and indirect influences on IQ performance. Direct influences include memory and attention difficulties that can occur with conditions such as epilepsy and depression, and the stunting of intellectual growth and lethargy identified with severe hypothyroidism (Coleman 1994). Indirect influences include side effects from medications, interruptions to learning due to hospital visits or frailty and sleeping difficulties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2007). Conditions frequently seen with Down syndrome and associated with lower cognitive and learning outcomes include hypothyroidism (Coleman 1994), ear, nose and throat problems and sleep disorders (Shott & Joseph 2001; Andreou et al. 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and Environmental Characteristics Associated with Cognitive Development in Down Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study

Couzens

Haynes

Cuskelly

2012

Research Intellect Disabil

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Early cognitive advantage and consistent opportunities to learn academic content appear to facilitate cognitive development, although this latter was confounded with ability and maternal education in this study. Data presented endorse research into interventions that enhance verbal and problem solving environments through-out early and middle childhood and target reductions in negative affect in relation to supporting cognitive development for individuals with Down syndrome.

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“…9 The forms of hypothyroidism found in individuals with DS include congenital hypothyroidism, subclinical or 'compensated' hypothyroidism, uncompensated, transient and primary hypothyroidism, central hypothyroidism, thyroxin-binding globulin deficiency and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. 10 The diagnosis of hypothyroidism in DS is complicated by the overlap between thyroid-associated symptoms and clinical features of the syndrome. Although less common than primary hypothyroidism (PH), hyperthyroidism is also more common in DS than in the general population, 1.4% of children with DS had thyrotoxicosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Status of Thyroid Gland in Hospitalized Children With Downs Syndrome

Biswas

Munsi

Hussain

et al. 2017

Bangladesh J Child Health

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Thyroid dysfunction in Down syndrome: A review

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Health Conditions Associated with Aging and End of Life of Adults with Down Syndrome

Health Conditions Associated with Aging and End of Life of Adults with Down Syndrome

Individual and Environmental Characteristics Associated with Cognitive Development in Down Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study

Functional Status of Thyroid Gland in Hospitalized Children With Downs Syndrome

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Thyroid dysfunction in Down syndrome: A review

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Health Conditions Associated with Aging and End of Life of Adults with Down Syndrome

Health Conditions Associated with Aging and End of Life of Adults with Down Syndrome

Individual and Environmental Characteristics Associated with Cognitive Development in Down Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study

Functional Status of Thyroid Gland in Hospitalized Children With Downs Syndrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Functional Status of Thyroid Gland in Hospitalized Children With Downs Syndrome