Thyroid Dysfunction, Neurological Disorder and Immunosuppression as the Consequences of Long-term Combined Stress

Zhang, Jingping; Huang, Jingjing; Aximujiang, Kasimujiang; Xu, Chao-Jiang; Ahemaiti, Abulaiti; Wu, Guangxin; Zhong, Li; Yunusi, Kurexi

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19564-y

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Exposure to chemicals, as well as acute bleeding and hemolysis, can cause leukocytosis [39]. Altered thyroid hormones inhibit the maturation of WBC and cause immunosuppression by increasing immature WBC counts [42]. The decreased Hb%, RBC, and platelets count under hypothyroidism reflect hypoplasia myeloid cell lineage [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Role of Ashwagandha and Quercetin over Cypermethrin Induced Hypothyroidism: A Hematological Study in Mice

Namdev¹,

Rai²,

Mahobiya³

2023

azb

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Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide for domestic as well as agriculture purposes. The current research is designed to investigate the protective role of ashwagandha and quercetin on cypermethrin-induced hematological alteration via declined thyroid function. Swiss albino male mice weighing around 25-30 g were divided into four groups of six animals each at random. Group I served as a control with normal food and water; Group II cypermethrin treated 15 mg/kg body weight; Group III ashwagandha co-treated 200 mg/kg body weight, and Group IV quercetin co-treated 150 mg/kg body weight. Doses were applied orally for 28 days. Blood was drawn, and hematological parameters and a serum thyroid hormone calculation were performed on it. Increased body weight and decreased thyroid weight were observed in the cypermethrin exposure group. The decreased T3 and T4 and increased TSH hormone levels were observed in the cypermethrin-treated group as compared to the control signified hypothyroidism. A significant decrease in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin percentage, and platelet counts was observed in the cypermethrin exposure group. Total leukocyte counts, neutrophil%, and lymphocyte% were increased significantly in the cypermethrin exposure group as compared to the control. A significantly decreased platelet count was observed in the cypermethrin exposure group. The antioxidant co-administered animals showed significant prevention as compared to cypermethrin-exposed animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Role of Ashwagandha and Quercetin over Cypermethrin Induced Hypothyroidism: A Hematological Study in Mice

Namdev¹,

Rai²,

Mahobiya³

2023

azb

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“…Previous research has reported that low thyroid hormone levels were related to the low humoral specific immune response in stressed animals, and assumed that stress conditions can alter thyroid axis function that in turn affects the immune response ( Cremaschi et al, 2000 ). A combined stress could induce immunosuppression in the generation of adaptive immune responses ( Zhang et al, 2018 ). However, the involved interaction between hypothyroidism and immune response in stressed pregnant women is needed to explore in future study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent evidence has suggested that the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis is responsive to stress ( Guo et al, 2015 , Helmreich and Tylee, 2011 , Zhang et al, 2018 ), and thyroid dysfunction could be induced ( Olivares et al, 2012 ). Level of serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) have been found to be decreased in pregnant and young women ( Aliev et al, 1987 , Hohtari et al, 1987 ) in humans after physical or psychological stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between COVID-19 pandemic and maternal isolated hypothyroxinemia in first and second trimesters

Hua¹,

Shen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Background The outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic has induced entire cities in China placed under ‘mass quarantine’. The majority of pregnant women have to be confined at home may be more vulnerable to stressors. In our study, we aimed to explore the effects of the epidemic on maternal thyroid function, so as to provide evidence for prevention and intervention of sustained maternal and offspring’s health impairment produced by thyroid dysfunction. Methods The subjects were selected from an ongoing prospective cohort study. we included the pregnant women who receive a thyroid function test during the COVID-19 epidemic and those receiving the test during the corresponding lunar period of 2019. A total of 7148 pregnant women with complete information were included in the final analysis. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used for analyzing the association of COVID-19 pandemic with FT4 levels and isolated hypothyroxinemia. Results We found a decreased maternal FT4 level during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic in first and second trimesters (β = −0. 131, 95%CI = −0.257,−0.006， p = 0.040) and in first trimester (β = −0. 0.176, 95%CI = −0.326,−0.026， p = 0.022) when adjusting for 25 (OH) vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate and ferritin and gestational days, maternal socio-demographic characteristics and health conditions. The status of pandemic increased the risks of isolated hypothyroxinemia in first and second trimesters (OR = 1.547, 95%CI = 1.251,1.913, p < 0.001) and first trimester (OR = 1.651, 95%CI = 1.289,2.114, p < 0.001) when adjusting for the covariates. However, these associations disappeared in the women with positive TPOAb ( p > 0.05). Additionally, we found associations between daily reported new case of COVID-19 and maternal FT4 for single-day lag1, lag3 and multi-day lag01 and lag04 when adjusting for the covariates (each p < 0.05). Conclusions Mass confinement as a primary community control strategy may have a significant cost to public health resources. Access to health service systems and adequate medical resources should be improved for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…Glucocorticoids mobilize available energy sources, thus influencing essential physiological functions [Fassbender et al, ; Krugers et al, ; Zanchi, ]. Exposure to various stressors is also associated with thyroid dysfunction [Zhang et al, ]. Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamic PVN tonically stimulates pituitary thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion, which leads to elevated levels of thyroid hormones (TH) in the circulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Global Cerebral Ischemia Affect Pituitary ACTH and TSH Cells in Gerbils

Balind

Manojlović‐Stojanoski

Šošić‐Jurjević

et al. 2019

Bioelectromagnetics

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The neuroendocrine system can be modulated by a magnetic field and cerebral ischemia as external and internal stressors, respectively. This study deals with the separate or combined effects of an extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field (50 Hz, average magnetic field of 0.5 mT) for 7 days and global cerebral ischemia for 10 min on the morpho-functional features of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) and thyrotrophic (TSH) cells in 3-month-old gerbils. To determine the immediate and delayed effects of the applied stressors, measurements were made on the 7th and 14th days after the onset of the experiment. The ELF magnetic field and 10-min global cerebral ischemia, separately and particularly in combination, decreased (P < 0.05) the volume density of ACTH cells, while only in combination were intracellular ACTH content and plasma ACTH concentration increased (P < 0.05) on day 7. The ELF magnetic field elevated serum TSH concentration on day 7 and intracellular TSHβ content on day 14 (P < 0.05). Also, 10-min global cerebral ischemia alone increased serum TSH concentration (P < 0.05), while in combination with the ELF magnetic field it elevated (P < 0.05) intracellular TSHβ content on day 14. In conclusion, an ELF magnetic field and/or 10-min global cerebral ischemia can induce immediate and delayed stimulation of ACTH and TSH synthesis and secretion. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:91-103.

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Thyroid Dysfunction, Neurological Disorder and Immunosuppression as the Consequences of Long-term Combined Stress

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Protective Role of Ashwagandha and Quercetin over Cypermethrin Induced Hypothyroidism: A Hematological Study in Mice

Protective Role of Ashwagandha and Quercetin over Cypermethrin Induced Hypothyroidism: A Hematological Study in Mice

The association between COVID-19 pandemic and maternal isolated hypothyroxinemia in first and second trimesters

An Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Global Cerebral Ischemia Affect Pituitary ACTH and TSH Cells in Gerbils

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