Thyroid dysfunction.

Kahn, A

doi:10.1136/bmj.4.5733.495-d

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between FT3 and CARS score. These findings were in agreement with the study of Khan, 18 who reported a high rate of hypothyroidism in children with autism. Nir et al 19 reported larger diurnal variation in TSH serum levels in comparison with controls explaining the possible thyroid dysfunction in ASD in relation to hypothalamic–pituitary axis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Biochemical assessments of thyroid profile, serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and cluster of differentiation 5 expression levels among children with autism

Desoky¹,

Hassan²,

Fayed³

et al. 2017

NDT

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BackgroundThe exact pathogenesis of autism is still unknown. Both thyroid hormones and 25(OH)D are important for brain development, in addition to CD5; all have immunomodulatory actions by which their dysregulation may have a potential role in autism pathogenesis.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to assess the thyroid profile, serum 25(OH)D levels and CD5 expression levels among autistic patients and to find out the correlations between the measured biomarkers with each other on one side and with the disease severity on the other side.Patients and methodsThis cross-sectional case–control study has been conducted on 60 children with autism and 40 controls, recruited from Qena Governorate, Upper Egypt. Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score was used to assess the included patients. Biochemical assays of thyroid function in the form of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and 25(OH)D were done using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, while CD5 expression levels were measured using flow cytometry (FCM) analysis for all the included patients and controls.ResultsThe overall measurement results show significant higher mean serum TSH levels, mean CD5 expression levels with significant lower mean serum 25(OH)D levels among autistic children when compared with the control group (p<0.05 for all). Significant negative correlations between CD5 with FT3, FT4 and 25(OH)D were observed. CARS score showed significant negative correlations with both FT3 and 25(OH)D, while it was positively correlated with CD5 in a significant manner (p<0.05 for all).ConclusionElevated CD5 expression and decreased 25(OH)D stores could play a potential role in the pathogenesis of autism via their immune-modulator actions. High TSH serum levels among autistic children, although within the physiological range, reflect the presence of thyroid dysfunction among such children, which needs further assessment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Biochemical assessments of thyroid profile, serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and cluster of differentiation 5 expression levels among children with autism

Desoky¹,

Hassan²,

Fayed³

et al. 2017

NDT

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“…Our finding of lower TSH values in autistic children suggests that they may have hypothyroidism. This is supported by the early literature (Sherwin et al 1958, Khan 1970). However, it has been reported that levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine and TSH in autism were within the normal range, and that T3 was not therapeutically effective (Abassi et al 1978, Campbell et al 19876).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Reduced Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone Response to Thyrotropin‐Releasing Hormone in Autistic Boys

Hashimoto

Aihara

Tayama

et al. 1991

Develop Med Child Neuro

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SUMMARY RÉSUMÉ Réduction de la TSH par rapport à la TRH chez les garçons autistiques La thyréostimuline (TSH) et la réponse de prolactine à la thyréolibérine (TRH) ont été comparées chez des garçons parmi lesquels il y avait 41 autistiques, 12 retardés mentaux (RM) et 12 présentant un dysfonctionnement cérébral a minima (MBD). Les garçons autistiques ont été divises en deux groupes: Q.D. ou Q.I. >ou =à 80, et Q.D. ou Q.I. <80. Les taux moyens de base et de pointe de la TSH étaient significativement plus bas dans les deux groupes autistiques que parmi les groupes RM, MBD et contrǒles. L'écart (p‐b) entre la valeur moyenne de pointe et la valeur moyenne de base de la TSH était significativement plus bas dans les deux groupes autistiques que chez les contrǒles. Les taux moyens et les valeurs p‐b pour la prolactine ne différaient pas entre les groupes. Les auteurs suggèrent qu'il peut y avoir une activité dopaminergique renforcée et/ou une activité sérotoninergique réduite dans le système nerveux central des enfants autistiques, à cǒté d'un dysfonctionnement hypothalamique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Verminderte TSH Stimulierbarkeit durch TRH bei autischen Kindern Bei 41 Jungen mit Autismus, 12 mit geistiger Retardierung (MR) und 12 mit minimaler Hirnfunktionsstörung (MBD) wurden das Thyreoidea‐stimulierende‐Hormon (TSH) und die Prolaktinreaktion auf Thyreotropin‐releasing‐Hormon (TRH) verglichen. Die autistischen Jungen wurden in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt: DQ(1Q) ≥80 und DQ(1Q) <80. Die mittleren Basalwerte und die maximal stimulierbaren Werte für TSH waren in beiden autistischen Gruppen signifikant niedriger als bei der MR‐, der MBD‐ und der Kontrollgruppe. Der mittlere maximal stimulierbare TSH Wert minus Basalwert (p‐b) war bei beiden autistischen Gruppen niedriger als bei der Kontrollgruppe. Zwischen den Gruppen fand sich kein Unterschied für die mittleren Prolaktinspiegel und den p‐b Wert. Man nimmt an, daß es im Zentralnervensystem autistischer Kinder eine erhölte dopaminerge und/oder eine verminderte serotinerge Aktivität in Verbindung mit einer hypothalamischen Dysfunktion gibt. RESUMEN Reduccion de TSR frente a TRH en muchachos autisticos Se compararon las respuestas de la hormona tiroido‐estimulante (TSH) y de la prolactina a la hormona liberadora de la tirotropina (TRH) en 41 muchachos autistas, 12 retrasados mentales (RM) y 12 con disfunción cerebral minima (DCM). Los autistas se dividieron en dos grupos: CD(C1) ≥80 y CD(CI) <80. Los niveles promedio de la TSH basal y su pico eran significativamente más bajos en ambos grupos autísticos que en las grupos RM DCM y control. El valor promedio del pico de TSH, menos el valor basal (p‐b) era significativamente más bajo en ambos grupos autísticos que en el grupo control. Los niveles promedio de prolactina y el valor p‐b no diferian entre los grupos. Se sugiere que debe haber una facilitación dopaminérgica y/o una reducción de la actividad serotoninérgica en el sistema nervioso central de los niños autisticos, junto con una disfun...

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“…Other studies examining thyroid hormones have been inconsistent. A letter to editor in 1970 indicated a high rate of hypothyroidism (73%) in 62 children with ASD using T3 uptake testing, although two other small studies could not confirm thyroid dysfunction in ASD, finding no difference in thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxin (T4) or T3 between ASD and control children . Other studies suggest that ASD has been associated with a family history of autoimmune thyroid disorders and that deficiencies in thyroid function may be present before or at birth in children with ASD .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder is associated with folate receptor α autoimmune disorder

Frye

Wynne

Rose

et al. 2017

J Neuroendocrinology

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Folate receptor α (FRα) autoantibodies (FRAAs) are prevalent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). FRAAs disrupt folate transport across the blood-brain barrier by binding to the FRα. Thyroid dysfunction is frequently found in children with ASD. We measured blocking and binding FRAAs and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4) (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3) (TT3), reverse T3 (rT3), thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) and other metabolites in 87 children with ASD, 84 of whom also underwent behaviour and cognition testing and in 42 of whom FRAAs, TSH and FT4 were measured at two time points. To better understand the significance of the FRα in relation to thyroid development, we examined FRα expression on prenatal and postnatal thyroid. TSH, TT3 and rT3 were above the normal range in 7%, 33% and 51% of the participants and TRH was below the normal range in 13% of the participants. FT4 was rarely outside the normal range. TSH concentration was positively and the FT4/TSH, TT3/TSH and rT3/TSH ratios were inversely related to blocking FRAA titres. On repeated measurements, changes in TSH and FT4/TSH ratio were found to correspond to changes in blocking FRAA titres. TSH and the FT4/TSH, TT3/TSH and rT3/TSH ratios were related to irritability on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and several scales of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), whereas TT3 was associated with SRS subscales and TRH was related to Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale subscales. The thyroid showed significant FRα expression during the early prenatal period, although expression decreased significantly in later gestation and postnatal thyroid tissue. The results of the present study suggest that thyroid dysfunction in ASD may be related to blocking FRAA. The high expression of FRα in the early foetal thyroid suggests that foetal and neonatal exposure to maternal FRAAs could affect the development of the thyroid and may contribute to the pathology in ASD.

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Thyroid dysfunction.

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Biochemical assessments of thyroid profile, serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and cluster of differentiation 5 expression levels among children with autism

Biochemical assessments of thyroid profile, serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and cluster of differentiation 5 expression levels among children with autism

Reduced Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone Response to Thyrotropin‐Releasing Hormone in Autistic Boys

Thyroid dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder is associated with folate receptor α autoimmune disorder

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