Thyroid Function Analysis in COVID-19: A Retrospective Study from a Single Center

Malik, Jahanzeb; Malik, Asmara; Javaid, Muhammad; Zahid, Tayyaba; Ishaq, Uzma; Shoaib, Muhammad

doi:10.1101/2021.02.09.21251435

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Of note, differences in T4 levels were not statistically different in these groups. In the study published by Malik et al, by contrast, severely ill COVID-19 patients had increased T4, TSH, IL-6 and procalcitonin levels (50). The preprint evaluated a patient collective, where 85.7% of the controls (hospitalized non-COVID-19 patients) showed abnormal TH levels and where the incidence of hyperthyroidism with 4.5% was considerably higher than in Europe (0.7%) and the United States of America (0.5%).…”

Section: Influence Of Covid-19 On Th Levelsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…SAT and atypical thyroiditis, by contrast, would be characterized by transiently elevated T4 and T3 levels. After recovery normalization of TH levels without treatment has been reported for infections with the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which occurs after both thyroiditis (SAT or atypical) and NTIS (50,59,62). The rate of hypothyroidism in 7% of patients after infection with SARS-CoV is in the same order as for SAT (62,63).…”

Section: Influence Of Covid-19 On Th Levelsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Physiological Role and Use of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites - Potential Utility in COVID-19 Patients

Frőhlich

Wahl

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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Thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3) are classical thyroid hormones and with relatively well-understood actions. In contrast, the physiological role of thyroid hormone metabolites, also circulating in the blood, is less well characterized. These molecules, namely, reverse triiodothyronine, 3,5-diiodothyronine, 3-iodothyronamine, tetraiodoacetic acid and triiodoacetic acid, mediate both agonistic (thyromimetic) and antagonistic actions additional to the effects of the classical thyroid hormones. Here, we provide an overview of the main factors influencing thyroid hormone action, and then go on to describe the main effects of the metabolites and their potential use in medicine. One section addresses thyroid hormone levels in corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19). It appears that i) the more potently-acting molecules T3 and triiodoacetic acid have shorter half-lives than the less potent antagonists 3-iodothyronamine and tetraiodoacetic acid; ii) reverse T3 and 3,5-diiodothyronine may serve as indicators for metabolic dysregulation and disease, and iii) Nanotetrac may be a promising candidate for treating cancer, and resmetirom and VK2809 for steatohepatitis. Further, the use of L-T3 in the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients is critically discussed.

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Section: Influence Of Covid-19 On Th Levelsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Influence Of Covid-19 On Th Levelsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Physiological Role and Use of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites - Potential Utility in COVID-19 Patients

Frőhlich

Wahl

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Thyroid Gland

et al. 2023

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It is important to acknowledge the impact that COVID-19 has on the thyroid gland and how the thyroid gland status before and during infection affects SARS-CoV-2 severity. To this day those dependencies are not fully understood. It is known that the virus uses angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 as the receptor for cellular entry and it can lead to multiple organ failures due to a cytokine storm. Levels of proinflammatory molecules (such as cytokines and chemokines) which are commonly elevated during infection were significantly higher in observed SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. In terms of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroid diseases, there is no proof that those dysfunctions have a direct impact on the more severe courses of COVID-19. Regarding hyper- and hypothyroidism there was no consequential dependency between the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection morbidity and more severe post-infectious complications. When it comes to autoimmune thyroid diseases, more evaluation has to be performed due to the unclear relation with the level of antibodies commonly checked in those illnesses and its binding with the mentioned before virus. Nonetheless, based on analyzed works we found that COVID-19 can trigger the immune system and cause its hyperactivity, sometimes leading to the new onset of autoimmune disorders. We also noticed more acute SARS-CoV-2 courses in patients with mainly reduced free triiodothyronine serum levels, which in the future, might be used as a mortality indicating factor regarding SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Considering subacute thyroiditis (SAT), no statistically important data proving its direct correlation with COVID-19 infection has been found. Nevertheless, taking into account the fact that SAT is triggered by respiratory tract viral infections, it might be that SARS-CoV-2 can cause it too. There are many heterogenous figures in the symptoms, annual morbidity distribution, and frequency of new cases, so this topic requires further evaluation.

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Thyrotropin Levels in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: Assessment during Hospitalization and in the Medium Term after Discharge

Al-Salameh

Scherman

Adda

et al. 2022

Life

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Background: The objectives of this study were (1) to compare TSH levels between inpatients with critical versus non-critical coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), and (2) to describe the status of TSH levels three months after hospitalization. Methods: We collected data on adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at Amiens University Hospital. We compared TSH levels between inpatients with critical (intensive care unit admission and/or death) versus non-critical COVID-19. Thereafter, survivors were invited to return for a three-month post-discharge visit where thyroid function tests were performed, regardless of the availability of TSH measurement during hospitalization. Results: Among 448 inpatients with COVID-19, TSH assay data during hospitalization were available for 139 patients without prior thyroid disease. Patients with critical and non-critical forms of COVID-19 did not differ significantly with regard to the median (interquartile range) TSH level (0.96 (0.68–1.71) vs. 1.27 mIU/L (0.75–1.79), p = 0.40). Abnormal TSH level was encountered in 17 patients (12.2%); most of them had subclinical thyroid disease. TSH assay data at the three-month post-discharge visit were available for 151 patients without prior thyroid disease. Only seven of them (4.6%) had abnormal TSH levels. Median TSH level at the post-discharge visit was significantly higher than median TSH level during hospitalization. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that COVID-19 is associated with a transient suppression of TSH in a minority of patients regardless of the clinical form. The higher TSH levels three months after COVID-19 might suggest recovery from non-thyroidal illness syndrome.

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Thyroid Function Analysis in COVID-19: A Retrospective Study from a Single Center

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Physiological Role and Use of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites - Potential Utility in COVID-19 Patients

Physiological Role and Use of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites - Potential Utility in COVID-19 Patients

The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Thyroid Gland

Thyrotropin Levels in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: Assessment during Hospitalization and in the Medium Term after Discharge

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