Thyroid function in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder

Toren, Paz; Karasik, A; Eldar, Sofia; Wolmer, Leo; Shimon, Ilan; Weitz, Raphael; Inbar, Dov; Koren, Sharon; Pariente, Clara; Reiss, Ahuva; Weizman, Ronit; Laor, Nathaniel

doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(96)00061-1

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our observations confirmed previous studies which did not find a relationship between thyroid hormones and ADHD [5-7]. Other studies have reported slightly increased TSH levels in ADHD [1-4].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Thyroid Hormone Status in Overweight Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2018

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Background: There is an ongoing discussion whether thyroid hormones are involved in the development and course of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Since obesity is associated with both higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) concentrations and increased rates of ADHD, we hypothesized that overweight children with ADHD show higher TSH and fT3 concentrations compared to overweight children without ADHD. Methods: TSH, fT3, fT4, and leptin levels were analyzed in 230 children (60.9% boys, 9.3 ± 1.7 years old, 35.7% migration background). The children were divided into four groups (I = 26 overweight children with ADHD, II = 56 normal-weight children with ADHD, III = 66 overweight children without ADHD, and IV = 82 normal-weight children without ADHD). Severity of ADHD was determined by the parent version of the Connors 3® rating scales. Results: Overweight children with ADHD did not differ significantly from overweight children without ADHD with respect to TSH, fT3, or fT4 concentrations. Comparing the thyroid hormones between the four groups also demonstrated no significant differences for TSH and fT4 concentrations. fT3 concentrations were significantly higher in normal-weight children with ADHD compared to normal-weight children without ADHD. Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores were not significantly related to TSH or fT3 in multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, and migration background. In these analyses, TSH was associated with BMI SDS (β coefficient 0.19 ± 0.12, p = 0.002) and leptin (exp[β coefficient] 1.87 ± 1.36, p < 0.001). fT3 (β coefficient 0.06 ± 0.05, p = 0.009) and leptin (exp[β coefficient] 1.17 ± 1.13, p = 0.009) were also associated with BMI SDS. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the relation between overweight and thyroid hormones but point against the hypothesis that thyroid hormones might link overweight and ADHD in children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, other studies did not confirm this association [5-7]. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism are similar to some clinical aspects of ADHD, such as hyperactivity and attention deficit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Thyroid Hormone Status in Overweight Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2018

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“…A relationship between thyroid dysfunction and ADHD comes from the observation that 46–70% of children with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone had ADHD [2,3]. However, we, as well others [5,6,7,8], failed to detect any case with thyroid hormone resistance among our ADHD population. This is due to the fact that thyroid hormone resistance is a very rare disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The pathophysiology of ADHD is not well known and currently being investigated by neurohormonal and neuroradiological methods [1]. A relationship between ADHD and thyroid dysfunction, especially, generalized thyroid hormone resistance, has been proposed in some studies [2,3,4] but not supported by others [5,6,7,8]. There are also observations regarding growth deficits in children with ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Height, Weight, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and Thyroid Functions in Prepubertal Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Effect of Methylphenidate Treatment

Bereket¹,

Turan²,

Karaman³

et al. 2005

Horm Res Paediatr

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Objective: To investigate if there are any disease-related or methylphenidate-induced aberrations in growth parameters, growth hormone insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGFBP-3 axis and the thyroid function tests in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Newly diagnosed and untreated prepubertal children with ADHD were longitudinally followed before and approximately every 4 months after methylphenidate treatment for up to 16 months. Height SDS, weight SDS, BMI SDS, serum GH, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, T₄, free T₄, T₃, and TSH were measured at each visit. Results: All of the examined parameters were within normal limits for age before treatment. Methylphenidate treatment did not significantly affect SDS of height, weight, BMI, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in the long run. Serum T₄ and free T₄ levels showed modest reductions within normal limits in a time-dependent manner. Conclusions: Prepubertal children with ADHD had normal height, weight, BMI, serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and thyroid functions. Methylphenidate treatment had no sustained effects on growth parameters, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 during the follow-up period of this study. However, it caused a mild decrease in total and free T₄ which may warrant further monitoring.

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“…However, there appear to be confl icting results on this issue. In a study by Toren et al [21] a subgroup of children with attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder had slightly elevated T 3 levels. There is some support for an association between T 3 level and personality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Monoamine Oxidase Activity and Tri-Iodothyronine Level in Violent Offenders with Early Behavioural Problems

Eklund

Alm

Klinteberg³

2005

Neuropsychobiology

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The focus is on evaluating the relationships between early behavioural problems and biochemical variables at adult age and their significance for early criminality and violent behaviour in a life perspective. In the present study, using prospective longitudinal data, a sample of males with a history of early criminal behaviour and male controls (n = 103) were investigated concerning (1) teacher-rated behaviours at age 11–14 years; (2) platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and tri-iodothyronine (T₃) level at adult age; (3) registered early criminality (11–14 years); (4) records of violent offending up to age 35 years, and (5) interview data on smoking. The main finding was that a combined risk level pattern of low MAO activity and high T₃ level was found significantly more frequently than expected in violent offenders with an early behavioural risk pattern. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction effect between early attention difficulties and smoking on MAO activity, as well as an effect by smoking on MAO activity. The findings are discussed in terms of the possible influence of biological vulnerability to certain behaviours, which in combination with possible childhood stress, enhance the risk for antisocial behaviours and subsequent violence.

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Thyroid function in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Thyroid Hormone Status in Overweight Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Thyroid Hormone Status in Overweight Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Height, Weight, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and Thyroid Functions in Prepubertal Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Effect of Methylphenidate Treatment

Monoamine Oxidase Activity and Tri-Iodothyronine Level in Violent Offenders with Early Behavioural Problems

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