Thyroid Gene Mutations in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women Diagnosed With Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism: Implications for the Offspring’s Health

Opazo, María Cecilia; Rivera, Juan Carlos Aristizábal; González, Pablo A.; Bueno, Susan M.; Kalergis, Alexis M.; Riedel, Claudia A.

doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.679002

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…THs deficiency generates different consequences on the health of the progeny ( 42 ), and as we have discussed, the monitoring of transient Hpx in pregnant people is poorly established. Notably, the incidence of Hpx in pregnancy has been recently increased following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, probably due to the stress associated with confinement which influences the maternal tT 4 ( 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female offspring gestated in hypothyroxinemia and infected with human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) suffer a more severe infection and have a higher number of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes

et al. 2022

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Maternal thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for the appropriate development of the fetus and especially for the brain. Recently, some studies have shown that THs deficiency can also alter the immune system development of the progeny and their ability to mount an appropriate response against infectious agents. In this study, we evaluated whether adult mice gestated under hypothyroxinemia (Hpx) showed an altered immune response against infection with human metapneumovirus (hMPV). We observed that female mice gestated under Hpx showed higher clinical scores after seven days of hMPV infection. Besides, males gestated under Hpx have higher lung viral loads at day seven post-infection. Furthermore, the female offspring gestated in Hpx have already reduced the viral load at day seven and accordingly showed an increased proportion of activated (CD71+ and FasL+) CD8+ T cells in the lungs, which correlated with a trend for a higher histopathological clinical score. These results support that T4 deficiency during gestation might condition the offspring differently in males and females, enhancing their ability to respond to hMPV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female offspring gestated in hypothyroxinemia and infected with human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) suffer a more severe infection and have a higher number of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes

et al. 2022

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“…(4a)) and in mammary gland lactocytes (Fig. (4b)) through NIS expressed at their respective Bassel membrane 25,29 . The iodine in normal thyroid helps secretion of T3 and T4 hormones and is also incorporated in casein through the mechanism of lactoperoxidase in lactocyte cells to form iodocasein molecules 25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(4b)) through NIS expressed at their respective Bassel membrane 25,29 . The iodine in normal thyroid helps secretion of T3 and T4 hormones and is also incorporated in casein through the mechanism of lactoperoxidase in lactocyte cells to form iodocasein molecules 25 . The iodocasein molecules aggregate inside micelles along with T3 and T4 and then fuse with the apical membrane to release their content by exocytosis to breast milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralizing and decoupling the effects of lithium medication

Ahmed,

Khan,

Magsi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Lithium-induced hypothyroidism in the neonate is a growing concern for lactating mothers. Maternal hypothyroidism in the postpartum period could lead to hypothyroidism in the infant via maternal compromised thyroid hormones (likely T4) in breast milk, and lithium in breast milk could have a direct effect on the neonatal thyroid axis. We have investigated lactating dams and pups, lithium-treated, with and without iodine supplement and control dams. We employed Enzym-linked immunosorbent assay and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to assess hormone profiles and intrathyroidal iodine content. The mechanism for supplemented iodine uptake in the presence of lithium is hypothesized by change in membrane potential across the blood vessel and follicular cell(lactocyte) caused by variation in the gradient concentration of negative iodide ion, positive lithium, sodium, and potassium ions. Interestingly, lithium administered directly to pups from control mothers (average dose 900 mg/50kg/24 hours), did not affect their weight, thyroid hormones, blood urea, and intrathyroidal iodine content despite traces of lithium found in their blood and thyroid. The iodine pathway in presence of lithium content in both thyroid follicular cell and lactocyte has been regulated by gradient concentration of negative (iodide) and positive ions (lithium, potassium, and sodium). The results also demonstrate that lithium administration in lactating dams alters thyroid hormones (T4) and blood urea in both dams and pups, which could be reversed by iodine supplement. In future, supplementing iodine may be potentially useful in clinical practices to address the neonate concerns of lactating mothers and their infants either caused by prolonged lithium medication or maternal iodine deficiency.

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Thyroid Gene Mutations in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women Diagnosed With Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism: Implications for the Offspring’s Health

Cited by 2 publications

References 87 publications

Female offspring gestated in hypothyroxinemia and infected with human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) suffer a more severe infection and have a higher number of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes

Female offspring gestated in hypothyroxinemia and infected with human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) suffer a more severe infection and have a higher number of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes

Neutralizing and decoupling the effects of lithium medication

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