Thyroid hormone and androgen regulation of nerve growth factor gene expression in the mouse submandibular gland

Black, Marsha A.; Lefebvre, Fleur-Ange; Pope, L. S.; Lefebvre, Yvonne A.; Walker, P. Roy

doi:10.1016/0303-7207(92)90081-g

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Significant influences of stanozolol on gene expression could be shown up to an incubation time of 24 h. After this time the xenobiotic steroid seems to have less influence on gene expressions. This kind of time dependent gene expression regulations were also shown in other studies (Black et al 1992; Schönfelder and Einspanier, 2003). Most regulations could be seen at 10 nM and 100 nM treatment levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Gene Expression in Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells after Treatment with Stanozolol

et al. 2008

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Doping with anabolic agents is a topic in sports where strength is crucial, e.g. sprinting, weight lifting and many more. Testosterone and its functional analogs are the drugs of choice taken as pills, creams, tape or injections to increase muscle mass and body performance, and to reduce body fat. Stanozolol (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-eno[3,2c]pyrazol) is a testosterone analogue with the same anabolic effect like testosterone but its ring structure makes it possible to take it orally. Therefore, stanozolol is one of the most frequently used anabolic steroids. Common verifi cation methods for anabolic drugs exist, identifying the chemicals in tissues, like hair or blood samples. The idea of this feasibility study was to search for specifi c gene expression regulations induced by stanozolol to identify the possible infl uence of the synthetically hormone on different metabolic pathways. Finding biomarkers for anabolic drugs could be supportive of the existing methods and an additional proof for illegal drug abuse. In two separate cell cultures, human HFDPC (hair follicle dermal papilla cells) from a female and a male donor were treated with stanozolol. In the female cell culture treatment concentrations of 0 nM (control), 1 nM, 10 nM and 100 nM were chosen. Cells were taken 0 h, 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after stimulation and totalRNA was extracted. Learning from the results of the pilot experiment, the male cell culture was treated in 10 nM and 100 nM concentrations and taken after 0 h, 6 h, 24 h and 72 h. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR expression of characteristics of different target genes were analysed. Totally 13 genes were selected according to their functionality by screening the actual literature and composed to functional groups: factors of apoptosis regulation were Fas Ligand (FasL), its receptor (FasR), Caspase 8 and Bcl-2. Androgen receptor (AR) and both estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ) were summarized in the steroid receptor group. The growth factor group included the insulin like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) and growth hormone receptor (GHR). Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and keratinocyte growth factor (FGF7) were summarized in the hair cycle factor group. 5α-Steroidreductases (SRD5A1, SRD5A2) represented the enzyme group. Three reference genes were taken for relative quantifi cation: ubiquitin (UBQ), glycerinaldehyde-3-phsophate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and β-actin (ACTB). In cell culture 1 AR, FasR, FGF2 showed signifi cant regulations within one treatment time, signifi cant gene expressions over time were analysed for Caspase 8. In cell culture 2 AR, FasR and SRD5A2 were signifi cantly regulated within one treatment time. In this feasibility study fi rst biomarker for a screening pattern of anabolic agents could be identifi ed providing the rationality to investigate modifi ed, metabolic pathways in the whole hair follicle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Gene Expression in Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells after Treatment with Stanozolol

et al. 2008

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“…Androgen regulation of submandibular NGF has been demonstrated by Levi-Montalcini and Angeletti (1964) and confirmed by Aloe and Levi-Montalcini (1980a), Goldstein and Burdman (1965), Humple et al (1993), Ishii and Shooter (1975), and Walker et al (1981). NGF expression also is regulated by thyroid hormone (Aloe and Levi-Montalcini, 1980a;Black et al, 1992a;Walker, 1982;Walker et al, 1980Walker et al, , 1981Walker et al, , 1982a, even in the gland of the TfmlY mouse (Aloe and Levi-Montalcini, 1980b) or the dystrophic mouse (Watson et al, 1982). T3 may elevate NGF mRNA levels by post-translational, rather than transcriptional, means (Black et al, 1992a).…”

Section: Ngfmentioning

confidence: 92%

The granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cell of rodent submandibular glands

Gresik¹

1994

Microscopy Res & Technique

175

183

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The granular convoluted tubule (GCT) is a segment of the duct system of all rodents, situated between the striated and intercalated ducts. It has the peculiar property of synthesizing a large variety of biologically active polypeptides whose role in saliva remains unknown. The literature on the fine structure of GCT cells is critically reviewed. Some recent developments on endocrine regulation of the structure and contents of rodent GCT cells are summarized, with emphasis on EGF, NGF, renin, and kallikrein proteases. A survey of the distribution of GCT cells in several vertebrate families is presented.

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“…While common binding elements are present in both genes for thyroid and steroid hormones (Black et al 1992;Charrasse et al 1992;Toran-Allerand 1996;Young et al 1997), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a strong contender as an initiating factor within the wound environment. One possibility is that factors within the wound (and neonatal) environment induce expression through interactions with common nucleotide sequences in promoter regions of the genes encoding both NGF and α-SMA.…”

Section: Ngf Expression After Woundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinate expression of NGF and α-smooth muscle actin mRNA and protein in cutaneous wound tissue of developing and adult rats

Hasan¹,

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2000

Cell and Tissue Research

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Nerve growth factor (NGF) is synthesized in cutaneous wound tissue, and its higher levels in the neonate may contribute to more efficient wound healing. We used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to define NGF mRNA and protein expression in intact skin and following excision wounding in neonatal and adult rats. To determine whether NGF is associated with wound contractile fibroblasts (myofibroblasts), we also examined expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA and protein, established markers for these cells. In intact skin, NGF mRNA and protein were present in vascular and arrector pili smooth muscle, hair follicle sheath cells, keratinocytes, and hypodermal fibroblasts. Neonatal adipocytes and Schwann cells also expressed NGF mRNA and protein, while adult adipocytes and Schwann cells displayed only NGF-ir. Following wounding, NGF mRNA expression was exuberant in these cell types, and increased similarly at both ages and appeared de novo in skeletal muscle cells. Additionally, both NGF mRNA and protein were present in macrophages and myofibroblasts, and expression in myofibroblasts was significantly greater in neonates. Wound myofibroblasts also expressed α-SMA. Surprisingly, after wounding α-SMA mRNA and protein were present in essentially all cells in which NGF mRNA was detected. We conclude that NGF expression is enhanced in many cell types after wounding, but greater NGF synthesis in neonates appears to be due to a more robust myofibroblast response. In addition, cell types which demonstrated NGF mRNA also expressed α-SMA, and staining for both markers increased following wounding, suggesting synthesis of both proteins is regulated in a coordinated fashion.

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Thyroid hormone and androgen regulation of nerve growth factor gene expression in the mouse submandibular gland

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

Gene Expression in Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells after Treatment with Stanozolol

Gene Expression in Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells after Treatment with Stanozolol

The granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cell of rodent submandibular glands

Coordinate expression of NGF and α-smooth muscle actin mRNA and protein in cutaneous wound tissue of developing and adult rats

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