Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Specific mRNAS in the Developing Brain

Stein, Stuart A.; Shanklin, Douglas R.; Adams, Perrie M.; Mihailoff, G. M.; Palnitkar, Maya; Anderson, B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0765-5_7

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Obviously, thyroid hormones are biologically active in both the perinate and the rodent fetus and are indeed important for normal fetal development. Stein et al (5) have shown that the mRNAs for M/35 and Mai tubulin isotypes are lower than normal in the congenitally hypothyroid hyt/hyt mouse at the time of birth, thereby suggesting that the mRNAs may be thyroid hormone regulated in utero. If the pregnant primate is given 131 I in midgestation to destroy the fetal (and maternal) thyroid, there is a decrease in fetal brain RNA and protein synthesis, thereby suggesting a role of thyroid hormones in the regulation of fetal brain protein synthesis (106).…”

Section: A Role For Thyroid Hormones In Fetal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thyroid hormones have been shown to increase the synthesis of brain tubulin protein in the fetus (65) and neonate (66). Stein et al (5) have shown that thyroid hormones regulate the gene expression of the brain tubulin M/35 and Mai mRNA isotypes in the perinatal mouse; this effect is localized primarily to the cerebral cortex. Microtubules contain tubulin and MAPs.…”

Section: The Effects Of Thyroid Hormones On the Developing Brainmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For this reason, a large body of the experimental data available on thyroid hormones and brain development was obtained from neonatal rats. By birth, rat cerebral neurogenesis is essentially complete with the bulk of the neurogenesis occurring between fetal day 12 and birth (3)(4)(5). While there is some formation of interneurons in the cerebrum during the first few days after birth, most of the 50% increase in cerebral cells that occurs postnatally is from glial cell proliferation.…”

Section: Neurological Development In Rats and Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Role of Thyroid Hormones in Prenatal and Neonatal Neurological Development—Current Perspectives

PORTERFIELD,

HENDRICH

1993

Endocrine Reviews

296

276

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: A Role For Thyroid Hormones In Fetal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Effects Of Thyroid Hormones On the Developing Brainmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Neurological Development In Rats and Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Role of Thyroid Hormones in Prenatal and Neonatal Neurological Development—Current Perspectives

PORTERFIELD,

HENDRICH

1993

Endocrine Reviews

296

276

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, it is not until the third month that fetal thyroxine (T4) appears. Thus, while the thyroid gland develops independently of the central nervous system and hypothalamic drive, the brain requires thyroid hormone for normal development (Stein et al, 1989).…”

Section: During Pregnancy and Depressive Symptoms In The Post-partum mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in thyroid axis function: Relevance to affective disorder and its treatment

Whybrow

1995

Depression

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Throughout life the thyroid economy differs for men and women. The “set point” for TSH is higher in women, they experience more goiter and nodule formation, and autoimmune thyroid disease is greater throughout life. Excluding cancer, the lifetime prevalence of thyroid disease for women is variously estimated between 2.25‐4.0%, some 4 to 10 times the estimates for men. Contrary to earlier interpretation, maternal thyroid hormones are now thought to be important in the early life of the fetus and the development of the CNS; however, after the first trimester maternal free thyroid hormone falls to reach a nadir post partum, a fact not to be discounted in postpartum psychosis. Major depression is more common in women and approximately 5‐10% have some metabolic evidence of a diminished thyroid economy. Adjunctive tri‐iodothyronine has been shown to speed recovery from depression in women but not in men. Manic‐Depressive Illness in its classic form (Bipolar I) is approximately equal in prevalence between men and women. However, the malignant variant of treatment resistant rapid cycling (RC) is predominant in women and is significantly associated with Grade I hypothyroidism. Furthermore, the use of high dose thyroxine as an adjunct to anticycling medications such as lithium and the anticonvulsants with frequently mitigate the cycling and induce clinical remission. Studies in premenopausal women (the common sufferers of RC) suggest that this pharmacologic use of thyroxine has few side effects and is without detectable increased risk of osteoporosis. Particularly lithium, but also other clinically employed psychotropic agents, are antithyroid as well as thymoleptic injunction. The study of the interaction of lithium and thyroid metabolism at the cellular and molecular level will help inform these clinical observations. That the c‐erb‐A family of gene products share considerable homology at the DNA binding region across nuclear T3, glucocorticoid, and estrogen receptors may be of significance in this regard. Thyroid screening of women with affective disorder is recommended for those who are aged 45 years or older, have a history of postpartum thyroiditis, or a family history of thyroid disease. Depression 3:33‐42 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

show abstract

“…They show poor coordination and balance and they exhibit abnormal fine motor movements, spasticity and tremor. Some of the motor problems originate in the cerebral cortex (22,23). It was once thought that if replacement hormone therapy is initiated shortly after birth in these children, all neurologic damage could be prevented.…”

Section: Thyroid Hormone Action On the Developing Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability of the developing brain to thyroid abnormalities: environmental insults to the thyroid system.

Porterfield

1994

Environ Health Perspect

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neurologic development follows orderly patterns that can be severely disturbed when thyroid hormones are deficient or excessive. Should this occur at appropriate development periods, irreversible neurologic damage can result. The nature of the deficits depends upon the specific development period and the severity of the thyroid disturbance. PCBs and dioxins are structurally similar to the thyroid hormones. Their binding characteristics are similar to those of thyroid hormones and all three groups bind to the cytosolic Ah receptor, the thyroid hormone receptor and the serum thryoid hormone binding protein transthyretin. Depending upon the dose of toxin and the congener used, the toxins either decrease or minic the biological action of the thyroid hormones. Either effect, if occurring during brain development, can have disastrous consequences. Children and animals exposed to PCBs or dioxins in utero and/or as infants can exhibit varying degrees of behavioral disorders. These disorders resemble those seen in children exposed to thyroid hormone deficiencies in utero and/or in infancy. The mechanism of developmental neurotoxicity of PCBs and dioxins is not known but data suggest it could be partially or entirely mediated by alterations in availability and action of thyroid hormones during neurological development. It is possible that transient exposure of the mother to doses of toxins presently considered nontoxic to the mother could have an impact upon fetal or perinatal neurological development. If the toxins act via their effect on thyroid hormone action, it is possible that doses of toxins that would normally not alter fetal development, could become deleterious if superimposed on a pre-existing maternal/or fetal thyroid disorder. Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 2): 125-130 (1994).

show abstract

Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Specific mRNAS in the Developing Brain

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

The Role of Thyroid Hormones in Prenatal and Neonatal Neurological Development—Current Perspectives

The Role of Thyroid Hormones in Prenatal and Neonatal Neurological Development—Current Perspectives

Sex differences in thyroid axis function: Relevance to affective disorder and its treatment

Vulnerability of the developing brain to thyroid abnormalities: environmental insults to the thyroid system.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About