Thyroid structure and size and two-year follow-up of solitary cold thyroid nodules in an unselected population with borderline iodine deficiency

Knudsen, Nils; Perrild, Hans; Christiansen, Erik; Rasmussen, Søren Wistisen; Dige‐Petersen, Harriet; Jørgensen, Torben

doi:10.1530/eje.0.1420224

Cited by 96 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Previous investigators found an increased risk for developing a goiter due to elevated SCN 2 concentrations of 8 -12 mg/l (normal 2 -4 mg/l) in the serum of smokers in comparison to nicotine abstinence (11,36,37 (10,11,35,37). Surprisingly, in contrast to SCN 2 excretion, the urinary I 2 excretion of our probands did not correlate with thyroid volume, because the prevalence of goiter increases with age (3,29,34). The small mean thyroid volume in our probands, especially in young male probands with moderate to severe I 2 deficiency, most likely prevented an inverse correlation between urinary I 2 and thyroid volume.…”

Section: Correlations Between Urinary Icontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…In our study smokers had a tendency towards higher values for thyroid volume in comparison to non-smokers, without reaching statistical significance (Table 3). Because prevalence of goiter increases with age and decreases with increased I 2 intake (3,29,34,35), the younger mean age of our population as well as the elimination of severe I 2 deficiency in Saxony (14) may obscure to the (insignificant) difference between smokers and non-smokers. We are aware that the 30% non-response regarding smoking behaviour could cause some selection bias.…”

Section: Correlations Between Urinary Imentioning

confidence: 98%

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The role of thiocyanate in the etiology of goiter in an industrial metropolitan area

Brauer¹,

Below²,

Krämer³

et al. 2006

eur j endocrinol

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Objective: Thiocyanate (SCN 2 ) has concentration dependent antithyroid properties and a role in the etiology of goiter has been suggested in several studies. In 1991 an epidemiological survey conducted in the region of Halle/Leipzig (Saxony), an area with significant air pollution, suggested an inverse relationship between urinary iodine (I 2 ) /SCN 2 excretion and goiter prevalence. 10 years later, we reinvestigated the same industrial area to clarify if the situation has changed after the elimination of most industrial waste products and moreover, if SCN 2 excretion levels alone or in combination with air pollution or smoking as a SCN 2 source are critical for thyroid function. Design and methods: We investigated a cohort of 708 probands for I 2 , SCN 2 and creatinine excretion in spot urine samples and determined the prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules by high resolution ultrasonography. Results: Probands with goiter (n ¼ 79, 11%) had significantly higher urinary SCN 2 excretions than probands without (3.9^2.8 vs 3.1^3.4 mg SCN 2 /g creatinine) and significantly lower urinary I 2 /SCN 2 ratios than patients without thyroid disorders (41^38 vs 61^71 mg I 2 /mg SCN 2 /l). Mean urinary I 2 excretions were not different between probands with or without goiter. Smokers showed significantly elevated urinary SCN 2 /creatinine ratios in comparison to non-smokers (4.3^4.3 vs 2.4^2.1 mg SCN 2 /g creatinine). ANOVA revealed a prediction of thyroid volume through age (P , 0.001), gender (P , 0.001), body weight (P , 0.05) and smoking (P , 0.05). Conclusions: In our investigation, age, gender and smoking (raising SCN 2 levels by CN 2 inhalation) were predictive for thyroid volume and the urinary I 2 /SCN 2 ratios were able to detect probands with an increased risk of developing goiter in contrast to urinary I 2 excretion levels alone. These data suggest, that in an era and area of decreased cyanide pollution, SCN 2 may remain a cofactor in the multifactorial aetiology of goiter.European Journal of Endocrinology 154 229-235

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Section: Correlations Between Urinary Icontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Correlations Between Urinary Imentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of thiocyanate in the etiology of goiter in an industrial metropolitan area

Brauer¹,

Below²,

Krämer³

et al. 2006

eur j endocrinol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Larger Tvol has been found in areas with both iodine deficiency (38)(39)(40)(41)(42) and iodine excess (28,29,43) . Iodine-induced goitre due to iodine-rich drinking water has been found in China (43) .…”

Section: Thyroid Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine-induced goitre and high prevalence of anaemia among Saharawi refugee women

Henjum

Barikmo

Strand

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The main objective was to assess iodine status (thyroid volume (Tvol) and urinary iodine concentration (UIC)) and their determinants in Saharawi refugee women. Design: A cross-sectional survey was performed during January-February 2007. Tvol was measured by ultrasound and iodine concentration was analysed in spot urine samples and in household drinking water. Anthropometry and Hb concentration were measured and background variables were collected using pre-coded questionnaires. Setting: The survey was undertaken in four long-term refugee camps in the Algerian desert. Subjects: Non-pregnant women (n 394), 15-45 years old, randomly selected. Results: Median (25th percentile-75th percentile (P 25 -P 75 )) UIC was 466 (294-725) mg/l. Seventy-four per cent had UIC above 300 mg/l and 46 % above 500 mg/l. Median (P 25 -P 75 ) Tvol was 9?4 (7?4-12?0) ml and the goitre prevalence was 22 %. UIC was positively associated with iodine in drinking water and negatively associated with breast-feeding, and these two variables explained 28 % of the variation in UIC. The mean (SD) Hb level was 11?8 (2?4) g/dl. In total 46 % were anaemic with 14 %, 25 % and 7 %, classified with respectively mild, moderate and severe anaemia. Conclusions: The Saharawi women had high UIC, high levels of iodine in drinking water and increased Tvol and probably suffered from iodine-induced goitre. The high prevalence of anaemia is considered to be a severe public health concern. To what extent the excessive iodine intake and the anaemia have affected thyroid function is unknown and should be addressed in future studies. KeywordsExcess urinary iodine Iodine-rich drinking water Saharawi refuge women Iron deficiencyWomen's micronutrient status is of particular importance since it affects not only their own health, but also the health of their children (1) . Deficiencies of iodine and Fe remain major public health problems, affecting .30 % of the global population (2,3) . Insufficient iodine intake as well as excess iodine intake may cause thyroid diseases (4) . Fe deficiency is the most common and widespread micronutrient deficiency worldwide (3) and may have multiple adverse effects on thyroid metabolism (5) . Refugees from Western Sahara have been settled in the Algerian desert since 1975 and they are totally dependent on food aid in the harsh, resource-poor desert environment. The refugee population is experiencing a number of challenges related to their food, nutrition and health situation (6) . Endemic goitre has been reported among Saharawi schoolchildren and this is probably caused by iodine excess (7)(8)(9)(10) , but further studies are required to understand the aetiology. The main objective of the present paper is to assess iodine status (thyroid volume (Tvol) and urinary iodine concentration (UIC)) and their determinants in Saharawi refugee women of childbearing age. The secondary objective is to assess their prevalence of anaemia. Women (15-45 years old) were the target group. We calculated the sample size based on an esti...

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“…The nodular goitre shows regional variations in the society but it varies between 4% and 7%. This ratio reaches up to 23% in men and 46% in women in proportion to age 13,14 . The nodular hyperplasia diagnosis of 272 (52.2%) of 521 cases were taken in our study and 211 of them were women and 61 of them were men.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Thyroid cancer incidence in thyroidectomies carried out in Sivas

et al. 2015

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SUMMARYObjective: Thyroid cancers are the most common malignancy of the endocrine organs. The purpose of this study is to research the thyroid cancer incidence in the thyroidectomies carried out in the province of Sivas and cancer types. Methods: The pathology reports regarding the thyroidectomy operations carried out in the General Surgery Clinic of the School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University between January 2008 and January 2014 were retrospectively scanned from the archive. The postoperative histopathological findings, belonging to totally 521 cases operated within six years, were evaluated. Results: 122 (23.41%) of the total 521 cases were men and 399 (76.58%) were women. The youngest patient was 15 and the oldest patient was 84 years old, and also mean age of the patients was 49.02 ± 13.48. The followings were detected in the histopathological examination; nodular hyperplasia in 272 (52.2%) cases, diffuse hyperplasia in 32 (6.1%) cases, lymphocytic thyroiditis in 22 (4.2%) cases, association of nodular hyperplasia and lymphocytic thyroiditis in 30 (5.8%) cases and also thyroid neoplasm in 151 (29%) cases. 9 (5.9%) of 151 neoplasm cases were benign and 142 (94.0%) were malign. As the cancer type, the followings were detected; papillary carcinoma in 133 (25.5%) cases, follicular carcinoma in 3 (0.6%) cases, medullary carcinoma in 2 (0.4%) cases and anaplastic carcinoma in 3 (0.6%) cases, metastases in 1 (0.2%) case. The well differentiated tumour of uncertain malignant potential was detected in 14 (2.7%) cases. Conclusion:The cancer incidence in thyroidectomies carried out in the province of Sivas was recorded as 27.3% and the papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most common carcinoma. Keywords: Thyroidectomy, thyroid cancer ÖZET Amaç: Tiroid kanserleri endokrin organların en sık görülen malignitesidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Sivas ilinde yapılan tiroidektomilerde tiroid kanseri sıklığını ve kanser tiplerini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Ocak 2008-Ocak 2014 yılları arasında Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Genel Cerrahi kliniğinde yapılan tiroidektomi operasyonlarına ait patoloji raporları retrospektif olarak arşivden tarandı. Altı yıl içerisinde opere edilen toplam 521 olguya ait postoperatif histopatolojik bulgular değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Toplam 521 olgunun 122'si (%23,41) erkek, 399'u (%76,58) kadındı. En genç hasta 15 en yaşlı hasta 84 yaşında olup yaş ortalaması 49,02±13,48 idi. Histopatolojik incelemede 272 (%52,2) olguda nodüler hiperplazi, 32 (%6,1) olguda diffüz hiperplazi, 22(%4,2) olguda lenfositik tiroidit, 30 olguda(%5,8)nodüler hiperplazi ve lenfositik tiroidit birlikteliği, 151 (%29) olguda ise tiroid tümörü saptandı. 151 tümör olgusunun 9'u (%5.9) benign, 142'si (%94,0) malign idi. Kanser tipi olarak 133 (%25,5) olguda papiller karsinom, 3 (%0,6) olguda folliküler karsinom, 2 (%0,4) olguda medüller karsinom ve 3 (%0,6) olguda anaplastik karsinom,1 (%0,2) olguda metastaz saptandı.14 (%2,7) olguda malign potansiyeli bilinmeyen iyi diferensiye tümör saptandı. 143 CMJ Cumhuriyet Medical JournalSonu...

show abstract

Thyroid structure and size and two-year follow-up of solitary cold thyroid nodules in an unselected population with borderline iodine deficiency

Cited by 96 publications

References 30 publications

The role of thiocyanate in the etiology of goiter in an industrial metropolitan area

The role of thiocyanate in the etiology of goiter in an industrial metropolitan area

Iodine-induced goitre and high prevalence of anaemia among Saharawi refugee women

Thyroid cancer incidence in thyroidectomies carried out in Sivas

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