Thyroid toxicity after radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Radiotherapy-induced Hypopituitarism in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: the Tip of an Iceberg

“…However, in the literature, the frequency of hypothyroidism in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving higher doses of RT has not been investigated in an adequate number of studies with long-term followups. 2 recently published major retrospective studies conducted on patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing RT reported 10-year incidences of hypothyroidism as 35 and 19.1 %, respectively [13,14]. RT at a younger age [14] and female gender [13] were correlated with a higher risk of hypothyroidism patients receiving RT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.…”

“…2 recently published major retrospective studies conducted on patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing RT reported 10-year incidences of hypothyroidism as 35 and 19.1 %, respectively [13,14]. RT at a younger age [14] and female gender [13] were correlated with a higher risk of hypothyroidism patients receiving RT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Hypothyroidism can be categorized as pure central or pure peripheral types, and it can also be seen as a mixture of these 2 types secondary to radiation damage.…”

“…Patients receiving RT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma are more frequently exposed to long-term morbidities such as xerostomia and fibrosis of cervical soft tissues carcinoma. In addition, pituitary failure and thyroidal abnormalities can be seen in patients receiving RT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma [2,[12][13][14][15]. Furthermore, direct local infiltration into the pituitary fossa and the pituitary gland has been reported in 3 % of the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma [16].…”

Evaluation of clinical hypothyroidism risk due to irradiation of thyroid and pituitary glands in radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal cancer patients

“…Radiation‐induced thyroid abnormality after radical external beam radiotherapy (RT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been reported in many studies . The bilateral neck lymphatics are part of the clinical target volumes in treating NPC and usually treated up to 54–66 Gy.…”

Are nanotheranostics and nanodiagnostics-guided drug delivery stepping stones towards precision medicine?

“…Gold NPs were vastly utilized for radiosensitization (Bogdanov et al, 2015;Hainfeld et al, 2008) and for CT imaging (Curry et al, 2014;Hainfeld et al, 2006;Popovtzer et al, 2008). high toxicity of X-ray radiation (Siala et al, 2011;Siala et al, 2014;Siala et al, 2009;Zagar and Marks, 2012) and lack of machinery able to generate high voltage X-ray radiation that might be needed for clinical applications (Dorsey et al, 2013). Even though such drugrelease reporting systems are very informative regarding the treatment's target location, they do not report on the treatment's efficacy or therapeutic outcome.…”