Thyrotoxic myopathy: research status, diagnosis, and treatment

Abstract

REVIEWrespiratory and muscle involvement). The symptoms are primarily manifested as symmetrical limb weakness, and a single limb is involved [4], with the manifestation of progressive muscle weakness, wasting, and even atrophy, without muscle paralysis and sensory disturbance. Muscle weakness first involves the proximal muscle group; the distal muscle group and bilateral symmetry are subsequently involved in the sequence [5]. According to the proximal muscle group, the scapular girdle muscle is more involved than the pelvic girdle muscle, and extension is involved more than flexion. Overall, patients often complain about difficulties in climbing stairs, standing up from a squatting position, as well as combing their hair. In most patients, serum potassium, creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin levels are normal.For the pathogenesis of CTM, excessive thyroid hormone can reduce CK activity and the contents of creatine and phosphate in skeletal muscle [6]. Also, thyroid hormone exerts an impact on mitochondria in muscle cells, which causes swelling and degeneration, thereby causing energy metabolism disorder in muscle cells [7,8]. As a result, muscle weakness and muscle atrophy are induced. On the whole, the proximal muscle group of the human body covers muscle red fibres that are abundant in mitochondria [7,9]. For this reason, myopathy usually involves the proximal muscle group first. Pathological variations are largely characterized Endokrynologia Polska

Paralisia Periódica Hipocalêmica Tireotóxica: Relato De Caso

“…Considerando a epidemiologia da paralisia periódica hipocalêmica tireotóxica, que acomete principalmente pacientes do sexo masculino, mesmo com a incidência maior de hipertireoidismo em mulheres, chegando a proporção homem/mulher de 17:1 até 70:1 (VIJAYAKUMAR; ASHWATH; THIMMAPPA, 2014). A faixa etária de início de apresentação da complicação varia dos 20 a 40 anos (CUI;ZHANG, 2022). O paciente do caso encaixa-se nas estimativas da literatura, sendo do sexo masculino e idade de manifestação aos 22 anos.…”

Polymyositis: A Case Report

“…Because polymyositis is a diagnosis of exclusion, other differential diagnoses must be excluded, like neuromuscular diseases and a wide variety of myopathies like dystrophic myopathies, metabolic myopathies, and mitochondrial myopathies, endocrine myopathies, infectious myopathies, drug-induced myopathies. These diseases are discussed in more detail in Table 4 [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. LGMDR2: limb-girdle autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy type 2; DMAT: distal myopathy with anterior tibial onset; DAPC: dystrophin associated protein complex; LGMD: limb-girdle muscular dystrophies; SG: sarcoglycans; DGC: dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex; AVV: adeno-associated virus; CTM: chronic thyrotoxic myopathy; TPP: thyrotoxicosis with periodic paralysis; ATM: acute thyrotoxic myopathy; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PDHc: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; CSF: cerebroespinal fluid; MRI: magnetic resonance; MRS: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; MELAS: mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome; tRNA: transfer ribonucleic acid; MERRF: myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers; HMG-CoA: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A; AZT: zidovudine; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.…”

Ultrasound measurement of vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscle parameters to identify chronic thyrotoxic myopathy

“…Patients were included if they met the following criteria: (i) newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism in accordance with the 2022 edition for Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Cause of Thyrotoxicosis by the Chinese Society of Endocrinology ( 2 ) and(ii) symptoms of progressive muscular weakness, wasting, or atrophy in addition to the general symptoms of hyperthyroidism and in the absence of other reasons for neuromuscular diseases. If a patient had mild or ambiguous manifestations of CTM, electromyography data were collected to test for myogenic damage to assist in the diagnosis of CTM ( 28 ). Myasthenia gravis, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, central nervous system disorders, and other reasons for progressive muscular weakness, wasting, and atrophy were excluded on the basis of neostigmine experiments, anti-AChR antibody titers, MRI, electrolyte assays, and other methods of examination of the nervous system.…”