Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the gastrointestinal tract

Morley, John E.; Garvin, T.; Pekary, A. Eugene; Hershman, Jerome M.

doi:10.1016/0006-291x(77)90097-3

Cited by 204 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, or TRH, a tripeptide widely distributed in the CNS and peripheral organs (Hokfelt et al, 1975a,b;Morley et al, 1977;Leppailuoto et al, 1978) has, in addition to endocrine functions, complex effects on, for example, cardiovascular functions, respiration, behaviour and cerebral neuronal activity; for reviews see Morley (1979) and Yarbrough (1979). Beneficial effects of TRH in a variety of shock states (Faden et al, 1981, Holaday et al, 1982 and other pathological conditions e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of low intravenous doses of TRH, acid‐TRH and cyclo(His‐Pro) on cerebral and peripheral blood flows

Koskinen

1986

British J Pharmacology

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Local cerebral and peripheral blood flow in conscious and anaesthetized rabbits were investigated with the microsphere method, before and after the i.v. administration of 25 or 50 gpg kg'-thyrotropinreleasing hormone (TRH). Before the experiment, the cervical sympathetic chain was sectioned on one side in order to evaluate the possible effect of the sympathetic nerves on cranial and extracranial blood flows. 2 Blood flow was also determined in anaesthetized rabbits before and after the administration of the TRH metabolites cyclo(His-Pro) and acid-TRH and after subsequent administration of 50 pg kg-' TRH. 3 TRH caused an increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of about I to 2 kPa whereas cyclo(His-Pro) and acid-TRH had no effect on MAP.4 In the anaesthetized animal an increase in total cerebral blood flow (CBFtO), from 71 ± 7 to 107 ± 12 g min'-100g-1 (P < 0.05) was observed on the sympathetic intact side after 25 fig kg'-TRH and a further increase to 130 ± 9 g min' 100gI (P < 0.01) after 50 Ag kg-' TRH. A similar effect was observed on the sympathotomized side.5 An effect on CBF in the conscious animal was not detected. The control CBFO. (104 ± 8 g min' 100g-') was higher in these animals than in the anaesthetized animals (P <0.02).6 Neither cyclo(His-Pro) nor acid-TRH mimicked the effect of TRH on CBF. 7 In several peripheral tissues, e.g. skin, pancreas and gastric mucosa, a reduction in blood flow was noted after the administration of TRH in both anaesthetized and conscious rabbits.8 It was concluded that TRH can induce cerebral vasodilatation in animals with a depressed CBF, whereas the vasoconstrictor effect of TRH in peripheral organs is not markedly affected by the state of consciousness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of low intravenous doses of TRH, acid‐TRH and cyclo(His‐Pro) on cerebral and peripheral blood flows

Koskinen

1986

British J Pharmacology

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“…Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been identified in many regions of the mammalian brain [I -31 and in the gastrointestinal tract [4]. Like many ot.her neuropeptides, TRH is also present in the skin of certain amphibians, sometimes in very high concentrations [5-71. After the isolation of TRW [8,9], the mechanism of its biosynthesis remained unknown until, about 15 years later, a cDNA coding for the precursor of TRH was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from skin of Xerzopl4s kuevis [ 101, Sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding the TRH precursors has since been carried out for several species [I l-133.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cDNA from brain of Xenopus laevis coding for a new precursor of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone

et al. 1992

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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is found in large amounts in the skin of Xe~rci~us Iacuis. In this tissue, 3 TRH precursor mRNAs can be detected of v.Gch the 2 more expressed encode almost identical proteins. However, Northern blot analysis of TRH precursor mRNAs in the brain of X. kmis revealed the existence of a new mRNA of about 1200 nuclcotidcs \r8hich was present along with thu iargcr TRH precursor mRNA identified in the skin. A cloned cDNA of a TRH precursor, corresponding in siec to lhis new mRNA, was isolated and sequcnccd from a Xe~top~s brain @I I library. It encodes a precursor polypeptidc which also contains 7 copies of TRH. However, at the amino acid level it differs by about IG% from the corresponding prepro-TRHs from skin. WC have also attempted to characterize the gene encoding this prepro-TRH from XCWCI~)US brain. Only the first and part of the second exon could be detected which are separated by an intron containing more than 8000 base pairs.Interestingly, the 5'4lanking region of this gene does not contain the characteristic promoter elements of the mammalian TRH genes suggesting marked differences in the regulation of their expression.

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“…It has been known for many years that TRH is expressed in the rat pancreas (Morley et al 1977). Its pattern of expression is tightly controlled in a temporal and cell-type-specific manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a hypothalamic hormone that has been shown to be expressed in the pancreas (Morley et al 1977). In this organ, its expression is tightly regulated spatially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic pattern of expression of thyrotropin-releasing hormone during rat embryonic development

Cras-Méneur

Czernichow

Scharfmann

2000

Journal of Endocrinology

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In rodents, the first insulin-producing cells appear in the pancreas at mid-gestation around embryonic day 11 (E11). However, on the basis of various features, such as morphology or hormonal coexpression, it is apparent that these initial insulin-expressing cells are different from those that develop after E15. In the present study, the pancreatic expression of both thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) mRNA and insulin was studied during embryonic and fetal life. We report here that in the rat, while insulin mRNA is detected in the pancreas as early as E12, TRH mRNA cannot be detected before E16. At that stage and later on during fetal and early postnatal life, TRH mRNA is detected in insulin-producing cells, no signal being detected in other endocrine cell types or in exocrine tissue. It was also noted, by means of triple staining performed at E17, that the expression of TRH mRNA was restricted to insulin-expressing cells negative for glucagon, whereas the few insulin-expressing cells present at that stage, which coexpress insulin and glucagon, did not express TRH mRNA. Taken together, these data indicate that TRH is a marker of insulin-expressing cells, which develop after E15.

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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the gastrointestinal tract

Cited by 204 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of low intravenous doses of TRH, acid‐TRH and cyclo(His‐Pro) on cerebral and peripheral blood flows

Effect of low intravenous doses of TRH, acid‐TRH and cyclo(His‐Pro) on cerebral and peripheral blood flows

A cDNA from brain of Xenopus laevis coding for a new precursor of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone

Pancreatic pattern of expression of thyrotropin-releasing hormone during rat embryonic development

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