THz-Empowered UAVs in 6G: Opportunities, Challenges, and Trade-offs

Azari, Mohammad Mahdi; Solanki, Sourabh; Chatzinotas, Symeon; Bennis, Mehdi

doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2100889

Cited by 53 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The integration of 5G mmWave and 6G THz communications into UAV-assisted wireless networks are also discussed in [28] and [29], respectively.…”

Section: B Uav Cellular Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selected references UAV-assisted wireless communications [9], [10] Applications of UAV communications [11]- [16] UAV-to-everything communications [17]- [19] UAV cellular systems Selected references UAV cellular communications [4], [5], [20], [21] Integration and emerging technologies [22]- [26] mmWave and THz UAV communications [27]- [29] UAV network architecture Selected references…”

Section: Uav Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

What Will the Future of UAV Cellular Communications Be? A Flight From 5G to 6G

Geraci

García‐Rodríguez

Azari

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

Self Cite

231

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What will the future of UAV cellular communications be? In this tutorial article, we address such a compelling yet difficult question by embarking on a journey from 5G to 6G and expounding a large number of case studies supported by original results. We start by overviewing the status quo on UAV communications from an industrial standpoint, providing fresh updates from the 3GPP and detailing new 5G NR features in support of aerial devices. We then dissect the potential and the limitations of such features. In particular, we demonstrate how sub-6 GHz massive MIMO can successfully tackle cell selection and interference challenges, we showcase encouraging mmWave coverage evaluations in both urban and suburban/rural settings, and we examine the peculiarities of direct device-todevice communications in the sky. Moving on, we sneak a peek at next-generation UAV communications, listing some of the use cases envisioned for the 2030s. We identify the most promising 6G enablers for UAV communication, those expected to take the performance and reliability to the next level. For each of these disruptive new paradigms (non-terrestrial networks, cellfree architectures, artificial intelligence, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, and THz communications), we gauge the prospective benefits for UAVs and discuss the main technological hurdles that stand in the way. All along, we distil our numerous findings into essential takeaways, and we identify key open problems worthy of further study.

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“…The integration of 5G mmWave and 6G THz communications into UAV-assisted wireless networks are also discussed in [28] and [29], respectively.…”

Section: B Uav Cellular Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uav Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Will the Future of UAV Cellular Communications Be? A Flight From 5G to 6G

Geraci

García‐Rodríguez

Azari

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

Self Cite

231

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several NR-U opportunities and design problems for WI UAVs are covered, as well as future scopes of WI UAVs. Azari et al [59]recently analysed the potential prospects and use cases for THz-empowered UAV systems employing 6G networks, as well as the unique design limitations and trade-offs that go along with them. The authors also discussed recent developments in UAV deployment regulations, THz standardization, and THz-related health problems.…”

Section: A Existing Literature and Their Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swarm of UAVs for Network Management in 6G: A Technical Review

Khan

Kumar

Mohsan

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage.

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Fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks have led to the implementation of beyond 5G (B5G) networks, which are capable of incorporating autonomous services to swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). They provide capacity expansion strategies to address massive connectivity issues and guarantee ultra-high throughput and low latency, especially in extreme or emergency situations where network density, bandwidth, and traffic patterns fluctuate. On the one hand, 6G technology integrates AI/ML, IoT, and blockchain to establish ultra-reliable, intelligent, secure, and ubiquitous UAV networks. 6G networks, on the other hand, rely on new enabling technologies such as air interface and transmission technologies, as well as a unique network design, posing new challenges for the swarm of UAVs.Keeping these challenges in mind, this article focuses on the security and privacy, intelligence, and energy-efficiency issues faced by swarms of UAVs operating in 6G mobile network. In this state-of-the-art review, we integrated blockchain and AI/ML with UAV networks utilizing the 6G ecosystem. The key findings are then presented, and potential research challenges are identified. We conclude the review by shedding light on future research in this emerging field of research.

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“…received SNR for the K 2 -th subcarrier from the ñ-th BS. 8 In this case, the combiner is given by [53]…”

Section: The Full Localization Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, signals at the THz frequencies are unable to penetrate objects, leading to a more direct relationship between the propagation paths and the environment [6]. It is foreseeable that potential localization-aware applications, such as virtual reality (VR)/augmented reality (AR) [7], unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) [8], vehicular safety [9], etc., will be considered in future communication systems, and more compact and efficient cooperation paradigms of communication and localization will be continuously explored [6], [10], [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coverage Analysis of Joint Localization and Communication in THz Systems with 3D Arrays

Zheng¹,

Ballal²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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<p>As a key enabler of Terahertz (THz)-based wireless technologies, large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output systems are well known for their advantages in both communication and localization. Different from existing works that mostly focus on planar arrays, this paper first explores the potential of the three-dimensional (3D) spatial array structure in joint localization and communication coverage enhancement. We consider a THz-band wireless system where a user is equipped with a 3D array receiving downlink far-field signals from multiple base stations with known positions and orientations over Rician fading channels. First, we derive the constrained Cramér-Rao bound (CCRB) for the localization (i.e., position and orientation estimation) performance, based on which we define the localization coverage metrics. Then, we derive the communication key performance indicators (KPIs) including instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio, outage probability, and ergodic capacity, and define the corresponding coverage metrics. To facilitate localization applications using 3D arrays, a maximum likelihood-based algorithm for joint user equipment (UE) position and orientation estimation is proposed, which is initialized by a least squares-based solution. Our numerical results show the 3D array configuration offers overall higher coverage than the planar array w.r.t. both localization and communication KPIs, although with minor performance loss in certain UE positions and orientations. The proposed localization algorithm is also verified to be efficient in simulations as it attains the derived CCRB.</p>

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THz-Empowered UAVs in 6G: Opportunities, Challenges, and Trade-offs

Cited by 53 publications

References 13 publications

What Will the Future of UAV Cellular Communications Be? A Flight From 5G to 6G

What Will the Future of UAV Cellular Communications Be? A Flight From 5G to 6G

Swarm of UAVs for Network Management in 6G: A Technical Review

Coverage Analysis of Joint Localization and Communication in THz Systems with 3D Arrays

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