Ti‐Based Reference Electrodes for Inline Implementation into Lithium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Abstract

Figure 6. Coulombic efficiency versus cycle number of cells with RE (TiO 2 , LTO, and Ti wire) A) for initial 70 cycles at C/5 and B) 200 long cycles for RE TiO 2 aged cell with at C/5.

Operando Thermo‐Electrochemical Diagnostics with Au, TiO2, and LiFePO4 as Reference Electrodes in Li‐Ion Pouch Cells

“…A detailed manufacturing procedure is described in our previous work. [9] The LFP ink was produced using a disperser mixer in NMP solvent with LFP:carbon black(CB):PVdF in the ratio 90:5:5.The TiO 2 ink was also produced through disperser mixing in water solvent of TiO 2 , CB, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR) in the ratio 90:5:2.5:2.5. The electrodes were dried at 80 °C in an oven for 24 h before being transferred and used in an argon-filled glove box.…”

“…To overcome these challenges, it is beneficial to diagnose and distinguish the individual electrode performance (in addition to whole-cell performance) via in-situ instrumented cells. [7][8][9] Here we design cells capable of monitoring galvanostatic charge-discharge profile at both cathode and anode. Additionally, we use various reference electrodes [9] and surface thermal effect monitoring of these cells, which are an advancement when compared with prior studies.…”

“…[7][8][9] Here we design cells capable of monitoring galvanostatic charge-discharge profile at both cathode and anode. Additionally, we use various reference electrodes [9] and surface thermal effect monitoring of these cells, which are an advancement when compared with prior studies. [10,11] In addition to performance and safety optimization, monitoring of internal cell temperature and each electrode potential can be an important asset when trying to minimize polarization effects and battery degradation.…”

Multi-Reference Electrode Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell Design for Spatially Resolved Half-Cell Potential and Impedance Measurements

“…36 Using only one RE, the whole electrode area was assumed to display a homogeneous behavior. 13 Attempts have also been made to integrate REs into widely used pouch cells, 26,[37][38][39] but some lack critical assessment of questionable measured potential profiles 40 as also noted in Ref. 41.…”