Ti₂ZrO Phases Formed in the Titanium and Zirconia Interface After Reaction at 1550°C

Abstract

Hot‐pressed 3 mol% Y2O3 partially stabilized ZrO2 was reacted with titanium at 1550°C/30 min. The interface was characterized by analytical transmission microscopy (transmission electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive spectroscopy). The lamellar and the spherical Ti2ZrO as well as the orthorhombic β′‐Ti were found to exist in the titanium side after cooling down to room temperature. The crystal structures of the lamellar and the spherical Ti2ZrO were orthorhombic and hexagonal, respectively. On heating, the dissolution of a large amount of zirconium and oxygen into titanium gave rise to the metastably supersaturated disordered α‐Ti(Zr, O) solid solution where two different Ti2ZrO phases subsequently precipitated, while the β‐Ti coexisting with α‐Ti at high temperatures was transformed to the orthorhombic β′‐Ti during cooling. The spherical hexagonal Ti2ZrO was an ordered structure, with Zr and O occupying substitutional and interstitial sites, respectively. The orientation relations between α‐Ti and the lamellae orthorhombic Ti2ZrO were determined to be [0001]α‐Ti//[110]Ti2ZrO and (1010)α‐Ti//(110)Ti2ZrO; meanwhile, those between the α‐Ti and the spherical hexagonal Ti2ZrO were [0001]α‐Ti//[0001]Ti2rO and (1010)α‐Ti//(1010)Ti2ZrO.

Sintering behavior and thermal expansion of zirconia–titanium composites

“…This can be related to the process of forming a new phase between Ti-ZrO 2 and therefore formation of zirconia with reduced oxygen content. Such Sintering behavior and thermal expansion of zirconia-titanium composites changes of new phases from Ti-Zr-O system were observed in the literature earlier [16][17][18]. The thermal expansion and shrinkage curves of the studied materials are plotted in Fig.…”

“…The temperature influences on the microstructure, composites phase composition, and the grain growth of zirconia. Moreover, the new phases from Zr-Ti-O system were identified [18].…”

Effect of Sn addition on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V)

“…In order to strengthen the titanium alloy, different alloying elements like Sn, Zr (neutral stabilizer), Al, O, N, C (α stabilizer), Mo, V, Ta, Nb (β isomorphous stabilizer) and Fe, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Si, H, (β eutectoid stabilizer) are added [2,3]. The material having high strength-to-weight ratio, high stiffness, good corrosion resistance [4][5][6][7][8], good weldability, and high resistance to temperature is Ti6Al4V alloy [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], which was developed by adding 6 % aluminium (α stabilizer), 4 % vanadium (β stabilizer), and remaining titanium in the year 1954 [20,21]. Nowadays, titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V -two-phase α, β alloys) are greatly used in different industries: aircraft, spacecraft, marine, automotive, biomedical, chemical, etc.…”

Microstructure Characterization of Composite from ZrO2 – Ti System

“…Lin et al [11][12][13] conducted several studies on the diffusion reactions between zirconia and titanium annealed at temperatures between 1100°C and 1550°C. In this work, after annealing the conditions of the formation the new phases and the types of changes, which occurred after heating, was determined.…”

“…In addition, the grain growth according to the transformations was observed. The mechanism affecting on the grain growth was connected with the forming of the oxygen deficiencies in the zirconia by passing the oxygen to titanium [11][12][13].…”