Tibial Torsion

Hutter, Charles G.; Scott, Walter

doi:10.2106/00004623-194931030-00006

Cited by 91 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Any lateral tibial torsion in our subjects would have had the effect of medally rotating the femora with the legs strapped together in the knees-extended position (see Ferriol Campos and Pascual Maiques, 1990). Medial tibial torsion, a feature of the newborn and young children with intoeing gait, persists in 8-9% of adolescent schoolchildren and 3-5% of adults, more in women (Hutter and Scott, 1949;Ritter et al, 1976;Staheli et al, 1985); any such medialtibia1 torsion in our subjects would have had the opposite effect, namely, of laterally rotating the femora in the knees-extended position. We did not measure tibial torsion in our subjects because no satisfactory ultrasound method was available, but one has since been developed .…”

Section: Femoral Anteversionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Functional anteversion of the femur in healthy children and its measurement

Aujla¹,

Burnwell

Kirby³

et al. 1993

Clinical Anatomy

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In this paper, we introduce the concept of functional anteversion of the femur and its positional change. It emerged from studies using B-mode and real-time ultrasound to determine femoral anteversion in two knee positions. Twenty healthy children were scanned at the hips whilst lying supine with knees extended and then with the knees flexed to about 90". The "anteversion" angle between the head-trochanter line and the horizontal measured with knees extended and feet together is determined by three factors: 1) anatomical femoral anteversion, 2 ) femoro-tibia1 rotation at the knee, and 3 ) tibial torsion. This is one type of "functional anteversion" of the femur.The best reproducibility for functional femoral anteversion was obtained by scanning with real-time ultrasound and the knees extended (95% confidence limits within 5 2.8"); the use of B-mode ultrasound in the knees-extended position is significantly less reproducible (95% confidence limits within 5 6.1"). In the flexed-knee position, the reproducibility is similar with both B-mode and real-time ultrasound ( F 2.6-3.5"). Both positions have limitations in attempts to measure anatomical femoral anteversion by ultrasound.The functional femoral anteversion angle measured by B-mode and real-time ultrasound is significantly larger (by 9-10') with the knees flexed than with the knees extended. This positional change of measured femoral anteversion involving axial rotation at the hip is attributed mainly to 1) lateral rotation (unlocking) of the femur at the knee during flexion from the fully extended position and 2) any lateral tibial torsion which rotates the femur medially in the knees-extended position with the feet vertical. The considerable individual variation and asymmetry of this axial rotational change may have relevance to the etiology of certain clinical disorders of the spine, hip, and knee joints. 0 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Femoral Anteversionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Functional anteversion of the femur in healthy children and its measurement

Aujla¹,

Burnwell

Kirby³

et al. 1993

Clinical Anatomy

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“…This is due to a torsional effect on the epiphysis, which produces a spiral lengthening of the bone through the long axis. The resulting torsion is postural-partly due to the tendency of the child to lie supine with feet and legs rotated outwards and partly due to the increased base of support resulting from standing with the feet pointing outward [15][16][17]. External tibial torsion presents at all ages and does not show a tendency to decrease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare pentad of foot and ankle deformities in hyperlax children

Ilyas

Wade

Barrag

et al. 2009

Journal of Children's Orthopaedics

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“…During growth there is a development towards external torsion of the leg, i.e., the medial malleolus rotates forward in relation to the lateral malleolus [4,8,13]. In the literature, great variations in the degree of leg torsion in the adult have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a relationship between femoral anteversion and leg torsion?

Reikerås

1991

Skeletal Radiol.

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In this study, the association between increased femoral anteversion and external torsion of the leg was investigated by computed tomography in adults. In a control group of 15 women, the anteversion angle of the femoral neck measured 11 degrees +/- 9 degrees and 12 degrees +/- 9 degrees for the right and left sides, respectively. The external torsion of the leg was 40 degrees +/- 8 degrees and 39 degrees +/- 10 degrees, respectively. The patient group consisted of 16 women who were evaluated for clinical symptoms related to increased femoral anteversion. In this group, the femoral anteversion was 31 degrees +/- 7 degrees and 33 degrees +/- 7 degrees for the right and left sides, respectively, and the external torsion of the leg was 35 degrees +/- 10 degrees and 33 degrees +/- 12 degrees, respectively. There were no correlations between the degree of femoral anteversion and the degree of external torsion of the leg. This study indicates that in cases of increased femoral anteversion, compensatory external torsion of the leg does not develop regularly during growth.

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Tibial Torsion

Cited by 91 publications

References 0 publications

Functional anteversion of the femur in healthy children and its measurement

Functional anteversion of the femur in healthy children and its measurement

A rare pentad of foot and ankle deformities in hyperlax children

Is there a relationship between femoral anteversion and leg torsion?

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